Acts of Pilate/Gospel of Nicodemus

Gesta Pilati/Euangelium Nicodemi

Standard abbreviation: Acts Pil.; Gos. Nic.

Other titles: Gesta Salvatoris (part one of Latin tradition), Descensus ad inferos (part two)

Clavis numbers: ECCA 309; CANT 62

VIAF: 181444369; 292435377; 262634350; 2283155044861572520005

Category: Pilate Cycle

Related literature: Book of the Rooster, Dream of Nero, Epistle of Pilate to Claudius, Healing of Tiberius, Hospitality of Dysmas

Compiled by Stephen C. E. Hopkins, University of Virginia

Citing this resource (using Chicago Manual of Style): Hopkins, Stephen C. E. “Acts of Pilate/Gospel of Nicodemus.” e-Clavis: Christian Apocrypha. Accessed DAY MONTH YEAR. https://www.nasscal.com/e-clavis-christian-apocrypha/acts-of-pilate-gospel-of-nicodemus/.

Created May 2025.

1. SUMMARY

The Acts of Pilate is an expansion of the canonical Gospels’ account of the trial and execution of Jesus. In its Latin expanded forms it is sometimes titled the Gospel of Nicodemus, based on its attribution to a follower of Jesus who assists in Jesus’ burial. Its Latin manuscript base is very large, making it one of the most popular apocrypha in northern and western Europe during the Middle Ages. It should be noted that the text varies wildly in different vernacular versions: to give but a few examples, the Byzantine Greek tradition emphasizes Mary’s role at the crucifixion, as well as Pilate’s innocence; the Old Norse infuses the text with numerous motifs and images from Norse mythology; meanwhile, an Old English poetic adaptation makes Christ a warrior-prince who rides a horse up to the gates of Hades.

Acts Pil. begins with a detailed recounting of the trial of Christ before Pilate, synthesizing details about it from across the four canonical Gospels, and adding some original embellishments along the way. Nicodemus features prominently at Christ’s trial, and speaks in defence of Christ, especially when the legitimacy of his parentage is called into question. Likewise, many episodes from the Gospels are rehearsed as those who benefited from Christ’s miracles appear to testify about his deeds. Three episodes are particularly noteworthy: in some versions, we learn the name of Pilate’s wife, Procla, who is warned in a dream that Christ should be set free. Another occurs when the Roman messengers first appear before Christ and Pilate—their Roman standards bow before Christ of their own accord. The third is the report of Veronica, the woman healed of a hemorrhage, who sparked medieval legends in which she creates or is given an image of Christ’s face. In the end, Christ is crucified. Included in the scene is Jesus’ conversation with the two thieves—here given the names Dysmas and Gestas.

After Jesus’ death, Joseph of Arimathea becomes the focus of the text. He is particularly concerned with how to bury his body, opting to give his up own tomb for the purpose. Many medieval legends grew up around Joseph because of his role here—the holy grail chief among them. Because Joseph shows so much zeal in caring for Christ’s body, he is imprisoned by the Jewish leaders until the Resurrection occurs after the sabbath. Joseph mysteriously vanishes only to be found in his home several days later. Brought before the council, he reports being visited by Christ and the Good Thief Demas and transported to Arimathea. Others come forward claiming to have seen Jesus risen. The priests conclude that if Jesus is still remembered by the time of the next Jubilee, he will prevail forever.

The investigation of the Resurrection is the narrative pretext for a sequel known as the Descensus Christi ad Inferos found attached to the Latin tradition and its translation to Greek as Acts Pil. recension B. It is discovered that the dead are walking the streets of Jerusalem (as in Matt 27:52–53). Two of them—Leucius and Karinus, the sons of Simeon—are called forth and asked to report what they know. They are led separately into two rooms and given writing implements—in the end, their accounts of their infernal experiences match to the letter, ostensibly furnishing the account being read in this text. The brothers report that in a place of shadows a great light pierced the darkness. In this Sheol-like space, one by one, prominent figures from the Hebrew Scriptures recite their prophecies about Christ. For instance, Adam and Seth recount an apocryphal narrative about Seth’s journey to Paradise to try to obtain medicine for the ailing and aged Adam. Various prophets like Isaiah recite scriptures that were, in the early Christian centuries, taken typologically to apply to Christ’s resurrection. Then follows a change of scene and Satan disputes with a personified Death and Hell about who has jurisdiction over the human souls they have imprisoned. Amidst much bickering, the other two point out that having Christ crucified was probably a misstep, given that he seems to be supernatural; Satan refuses to believe in Christ’s divinity because he witnessed Christ crying in the Garden of Gethsemane. In the end, Christ arrives, binds Satan, breaks down the gates of hell and leads the host of the elect triumphantly out of the underworld and to the gates of paradise.

Named historical figures and characters: Abraham (patriarch), Adam, Adas, Agrippa (witness), Alexander (scribe), Amnes (witness), Angaeus, Annas (scribe/high priest), Ananias (high priest), Antonius (witness), Asclepius, Asterius (witness), Barabbas, Beelzebul, Caiaphas, Crispus (witness), Dathaes (scribe), David (king), Dimas/Dysmas/Demas (Good Thief), Dumachus/Gestas/Kestes (Bad Thief), Elisha (prophet), Enoch, Flavian Valentinianus, Flavius Theodosius, Gamaliel,  Goliath, Hades, Herod Antipas, Isaac (witness), Isaac (patriarch), Jacob (witness), Jairus (scribe), Jambres, Jannes, John (the Baptist), Joseph of Arimathea, Judas (witness), Judas (scribe), Karinus, Lazarus (witness), Leucius, Levi (scribe), Longinus (centurion), Mary (Virgin), Michael (archangel), Moses (patriarch), Nepthalim (scribe), Nicodemus, Pharaoh (of Exodus), Phineas (witness), Phineas (priest), Pontius Pilate, Procla (wife of Pilate), Rubellio (governor), Rufus (governor), Samuel (witness), Satan, Semes (scribe), Seth (patriarch), Simeon (high priest), Solomon, Tiberius (emperor), Veronica, Zeras (witness).

Geographical locations: Arimathea, Bethlehem, Egypt, Galilee, Hell, Jericho, Jerusalem, Jordan, Mount Mamilch, Mount Olympus, Naphtalim, Zebulon.

2. RESOURCES

2.1 Art and Iconography

The Lower Basilica of the Basilica of San Clemente (Rome) includes a ninth-century fresco depicting Christ standing upon Satan and drawing Adam by the hand out of the underworld (cf. Acts Pil. Rec. B, 22 and 24).

Fiesche Morgan Staurotheke. A ninth-century reliquary with an image of the Descent to Hell.

Holkham Bible Picture Book (London, British Library, Add. 47682; ca. 1327–1335): Described as “A biblical picture book with explanatory text of varying length, sometimes in rhyming couplets, in Anglo-Norman French, with some English.” One image relates to the Pilate Cycle: f. 34r, The Harrowing of Hell; St Joseph and Nicodemus imprisoned and rescued.

Mosaic of the Harrowing of Hell in the Chora Church, Istanbul (14th cent.)

Studies:

Bagatti, Bellarmino. “L’iconografia della Discesa agli Inferi del Signore.” La Terra Santa 52 (1977): 155–61.

__________. “L’iconografia dell’Anastasis o Discesa agli inferi.” Liber Annuus 32 (1982): 239–72.

Bauer, Margarete. “Die Ikonographie der Höllenfahrt Christi von ihren Anfängen bis zum 16. Jahrhundert.” Masch. Diss., Universität Göttingen, 1948.

Davidson, Clifford, and Thomas H. Seller, eds. The Iconography of Hell. Kalamazoo: Publications of the Medieval Institute of Western Michigan University, 1992.

Davis-Weyer, Caecilia. “Die ältesten Darstellungen der Hadesfahrt Christi, des Evangelium Nikodemi und ein Mosaik der ZenoKapelle.” Pages 183–94 in Roma e I’età carolingia. Atti delle giomate di studio 3-8 maggio 1976 a cura dello Instituto di storia dell’arte dell’Universita di Roma. Rome: Multigrafica Editrice, 1976.

Fuersternau, Adalberto di Erbach. “L’Evangelo di Nicodemo.” Archivio storico dell’arte 2 (1896): 225–37 (study of illuminated manuscript Madrid, Bibl. Nat. MS. Vitr. 23-8).

Haseloff, Arthur. Codex Purpureus Rossanensis. Die Miniaturen der griechischen Evangelien-Handschrift in Rossano nach photographischen Aufnahmen. Berlin and Leipzig: Giesecke & Devrient, 1898 (pp. 9–10).

Hudry, Marius. “Les Apocryphes dans l’iconographie des églises et chapelles savoyardes.” Apocrypha 2 (1991): 249–59.

Kartsonis, Anna D. ANASTASIS. The Making of an Image. Princeton: University Press, 1986.

Lucchesi Palli, E. “Höllenfahrt Christi.” Pages 322–32 in vol. 2 of Lexikon der christlichen Ikonographie. Edited by E. Kirschbaum. Rome: Herder, 1970.

Mâle, Émile. L’Art religieux du XIIIe siècle en France. 1898. 8th ed., Paris: A. Colin, 1948.

Millet, Gabriel. “Mosaïques de Daphni.” Monuments Piot 2 (1895): 204–14.

__________. Recherches sur l’iconographie de l’Évangile aux XIVe, XVe et XVIe siècles d’après les monuments de Mistra, de la Macédoine et du Mont-Athos. Bibliothèque des Écoles françaises d’Athènes et de Rome 109. Paris: Fontemoing et cie, 1916.

Monnier, J. La Descente aux enfers, étude de pensée religieuse, d’art et de littérature. Paris: Fischbacher, 1904.

Rushforth, G. McN. “The Descent into Hell in Byzantine Art.” Papers of the British School at Rome 2 (1902): 114–19.

Schulz, Hans-Joachim. “Die ‘Höllenfahrt’ als ‘Anastasis.’ Eine Untersuchung über Eigenart und dogmengeschichtliche Voraussetzungen byzantinischer Osterfrömmigkeit.” ZKT 81 (1959): 1–66.

Thierry, Nicole. “L’Illustration des apocryphes dans les églises de Cappadoce.” Apocrypha 2 (1991): 217–47 (pp. 226–28).

__________. “Le Thème de la descente du Christ aux enfers en Cappadoce.” Δελτιον της χριστιανικης αρχαιολογικης εταιρειας 4 (1993–1994): 59–66.

Vantini, Giovanni. “The Faras Golgotha and the Apocrypha.” Nubica 1–2 (1987–1988): 653–89.

Villette, Jeanne. La Résurrection du Christ dans l’art chrétien du IIe au VIIe siècle. Bibliotheque d’erudition artistique. Paris: H. Laurens, 1957 (pp. 89–106).

Weitzmann, Kurt. “The Selection of Texts for Cyclic Illustration in Byzantine Manuscripts.” Pages 69–109 in Byzantine Books and Bookmen. Washington, DC: Dumbarton Oaks, Center for Byzantine Studies, 1975.

Worthen, Thomas F. “The Harrowing of Hell in the Art of the Italian Renaissance.” 2 vols. Ph.D. diss.. University of Iowa, 1981.

2.2 In Medieval Drama

Beadle, R., ed. The York Plays. York Medieval Texts, 2d ser. London: E. Arnold, 1982 (plays 29, 30, 33, 36, 37, and 38).

Clark, Eleanor G. “The York Plays and the Gospel of Nichodemus.” PMLA 43 (1928): 153-61.

Craigie, W. A. “The Gospel of Nicodemus and the York Mystery Plays.” Pages 52–61 in An English Miscellany Presented to Dr. Furnivall in Honour of His Seventy-fifth Birthday. Oxford: Clarendon, 1901.

Frank, Grace. “On the Relation between the York and Towneley Plays.” PMLA 44 (1929): 313–19.

Lumiansky, R. M. “Comedy and Theme in the Chester Harrowing of Hell.” Tulane Studies in English 10 (1960): 5–12.

Lumiansky, R. M., and D. Mills, eds. The Chester Mystery Cycle. 2 vols. EETS SS, vols. 3 and 9. Oxford University Press, 1974–1986 (play based on Stanzaic Life of Christ and Gos. Nic.).

Marx, C. W. “The Problem of the Doctrine of the Redemption in the ME Mystery Plays and the Cornish Ordinalia.” Medium AEvum 54 (1985): 20–32.

Meredith, P., ed. The Passion Play from the N. Town Manuscript. London: Longman, 1990.

Reiss, E. “The Tradition of Moses in the Underworld and the York Plays of the Transfiguration and Harrowing.” Mediaevalia 5 (1979): 141–64.

Spector, S., ed. The N-Town Play: Cotton MS Vespasian D. 8. 2 vols. EETS SS, vol. 11. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1991.

Tamburr, Karl. “From Narrative to Drama: The Transformation of the Gospel of Nicodemus in Middle English.” Medieval Perspectives 16 (2001): 135–50.

__________. The Harrowing of Hell in Medieval England. Cambridge: D. S. Brewer, 2007.

Wilson, R. H. “The Stanzaic Life of Christ and the Chester Plays.” Studies in Philology 28 (1931): 413–32.

2.3 Web Sites and Other Online Resources

Alcock, Anthony. “Texts relating to the trial and crucifixion of Jesus.” academia.edu (English translation of Rahmani’s Syriac edition).

Early Christian Writings: Acts of Pilate. Administrator: Peter Kirby (Features several English translations and a brief bibliography).

“Gospel of Nicodemus.” Wikipedia.

3. BIBLIOGRAPHY

3.1 Manuscripts and Editions

3.1.1 Armenian

3.1.1.1 First Translation

Paris, Bibliothéque nationale de France, arménien 178, fols. 402-410 (12th cent.) = Conybeare α

Paris, Bibliothèque nationale de France, arménien 110 (12th cent.) ~ revised according to another Greek model; =Conybeare β

Jerusalem, Library of the Armenian Patriarchate of Saint James, 1 (1417)

Venice, San Lazzaro, 104 (15th/16th cent.)

Yerevan, Matenadaran, 1524 (1401) ~ ch. 2:5 to end

Yerevan, Matenadaran 4803 (15th cent.)

Yerevan, Matenadaran, 1524 (1401) ~ ch. 2:5 to end

3.1.1.2 First Step of Revised Translation

Yerevan, Matenadaran, 4676 (14th cent.)

Yerevan, Matenadaran, 4871 (13th cent.)

3.1.1.3 Fully Revised Translation

Etchmiadzin, Library of the Armenian Patriarcate 68 ~ defective 2:4 to 11:1

Jerusalem, Library of the Armenian Patriarchate of Saint James, 9 (16th cent.)

Jerusalem, Library of the Armenian Patriarchate of Saint James, 154 (1737) ~ a copy of Jerusalem 1

Jerusalem, Library of the Armenian Patriarchate of Saint James, 173 (16th cent.)

Venice, San Lazzaro, 203 (13th/14th cent.)

Venice, San Lazzaro, 223 (15th cent.)

Venice, San Lazzaro, 227 (1846)

Yerevan, Matenadaran, 993 (1456)

Yerevan, Matenadaran, 992 (1651)

Yerevan, Matenadaran, 1521 (1404)

Yerevan, Matenadaran, 1524 ~ up to ch. 2:5

Yerevan, Matenadaran, 4670 (1401)

Yerevan, Matenadaran, 4774 (before 1425)

Yerevan, Matenadaran, 4822 (1491)

Conybeare, F.C. “Acta Pilati.” Pages 59–132 in Studia biblica et ecclesiastica. Vol. 4. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1896 (synopsis of Greek retrotranslation of α and a Latin translation of β, pp. 72–132).

Outtier, Bernard. “The Armenian and Georgian Versions of the Evangelium Nicodemi.” Apocrypha 21 (2010): 49–55 (manuscripts listed pp. 50–53).

Tayec‘i, Esayi. Ankanon girk‘ nor ktakaranac‘. (Uncanonical Books of the New Testament). Venice: Tparani S. Ġazarow, 1898 (edition based on Paris, BNF 178, Venice 104, 203, 223, and 227, pp. 313–58).

3.1.2 Church Slavic (190 manuscripts)

3.1.2.1 Long Redaction (Acts and Descensus, translated from Latin)

3.1.2.2 Short Version (Acts and Ep. Pil. Tib., translated from Greek)

L’viv, L’vivs’ka natsional’na naukova biblioteka Ukraïny im. V. Stefanyka, БА 56, fols. 654^r–675^v (1531)

Alban, J., trans. “Évangile de Nicodème.” Cahiers d’études cathares, 2d ser., 71 (1976): 34–47; 77 (1976): 19–34 (French translation of Vaillant’s Slavic text).

Danicic, G. “Dva apokrifna jevangjelja.” Starine 4 (1872): 130–54 (partial edition of Short Version, pp. 146–49).

Franko, I., ed. Apokryfy i lehendy z ukraïns’kykh rukopysiv. Pamiatnyky ukraïns’ko-rus’koï movy i literatury. Edited by S. Komarevs’kyi, vol. 2. Lvov: Naukove Tovarystvo im. Shevchenka, 1899 (Long Version, pp. 252–72, 293–304).

Grabar, B. “Über das Problem der längeren Fassung des Nikodemusevangeliums in der älteren slavischen Literatur.” Pages 201–206 in Byzance et les Slaves: Études de civilisation. Mélanges Ivan Dujcev. Paris: Association des amis des études archéologiques des mondes byzantino-slaves et du christianisme oriental, 1979 (on Glagolithic fragments).

Hanka, V., ed. “Ctenie Nikodemovo: co še dálo pri umucení Páne. Pavest krásná o drevu Kríze Svatého . . .” Abhandlungen der kön. böhmischen Gesellschaft der Wissenschaften 5 (1862): 227–56.

Iagich, I. “Kriticheskia zametki k slavianskomu perevodu dvukh apokrificheskikh skazanij.” Izvestiia Otdeleniia russkogo iazyka i slovesnosti Imperatorskoj Akademii Nauk (St. Petersburg) 3.3 (1898): 793–822 (Short Version).

Mares, F. W., ed. An Anthology of Church Slavonic Texts of Western (Czech) Origin. Slavische Propyläen Texte in Neu- und Nachdrucken 127. Munich: Fink, 1979 (excerpts from Long Version, pp. 31–40).

Minczew, Georgi, and Malgorzata Skowronek. “The Gospel of Nicodemus in the Slavic Manuscript Tradition: Initial Observations.” Apocrypha 17 (2006): 179–201.

Otero, Aurelio de Santos. Die handschriftliche Überlieferung der altslavischen Apokryphen. 2 vols. PTS 20 and 23. Berlin: De Gruyter, 1978–1981 (184 manuscripts listed, vol. 2 pp. 61–98).

Petkanova, D., ed. Stara bulgarska literatura. Vol. 1, Apocrifi. Sofia: Bulgarski pisatel, 1981 (Old Bulgarian, pp. 148–66; notes, pp. 375–77).

Polivka, G. “Evangelium Nicodemovo w literaturách slovanskych.” Casopis Musea královstvi ceského 64 (1890): 255–75, 535–78; 65 (1891): 94–100, 440–60.

Porfir’ev, I. Ia., ed. Apokrificheskiia skazaniia o novozavetnykh litsakh i sobytiiakh, po rukopisiam Solovetskoj biblioteki. Sbornik Otdeleniia russkogo iazyka i slovesnosti Imperatorskoj Akademii Nauk 52.4. St. Petersburg: Tipografiia Imperatorskoj Akademii Nauk, 1890 (discussion and edition of Short Version, pp. 21–36, 164–97).

Pypin, A. N., ed. Lozhnyia i otrechennyia knigi russkoj stariny. Pamiatniki starinnoj russkoj literatury izdavaemye graf om Grigoriem Kushelevym-Bezborodko, vol. 3, Slavistic Printings and Reprintings 97.2. 1862. Reprint, The Hague: Mouton, 1970 (Short Version, pp. 91–108).

Sobolevskij, A. I. “Slovamyj material izvlechennyj iz Nikodimova Evangelia po Sofijskomu spisku XIV veka.” Pages 81–91 in Materialy i issledovaniia v oblasti slavianskoj filologii i arkheologii. Sbornik Otdeleruia russkogo iazyka i slovesnosti Imperstorskoj Akademii Nauk 88. St. Petersburg: Tipografiia Imperatorskoj Akademii Nauk, 1910.

Speranskij, M. N., ed. “Slavianskiia apokrificheskiia evangeliia.” In Trudy vos’mogo arkheologicheskogo s’ezda v Moskve, 1890. Moscow: Tovarishchestvo tip. A. I. Mamotova, 1895 (Short Version, vol. 2, pp. 92–133, 144–55).

Stojanovic, L., ed. “Nekoliko rukopisa iz becke Carske Biblioteke.” Glasnik Srpskog ucenog društva (Belgrade) 63 (1885): 89–120 (Long Version).

Sviatski, D. Evangelie Nikodima pri tsvete zvezd. Istorico-astronomicheskii kommentarii. St. Petersburg, 1914.

Thomson, Francis J. Review of Aurelio de Santos Otero, Die handscriftliche Überlieferung der altslavischen Apokryphen, vol. 2. Slavonic and East European Review 63.1 [1985]: 73–98 at 79–83 (with corrections to de Santos Otero).

Torres Prieto, Susana. “The Acta Pilati in Slavonic.” Apocrypha 21 (2010): 93–102.

Vaillant, André. L’Évangile de Nicodème: Texte slave et texte latin. Hautes études orientales 2.1. Geneva: Droz, 1968 (editions of long ans short versions).

3.1.3 Coptic (CC 0035; PAThs entry)

T  Turin (Italy), Museo Egizio, inv. 63000 cod. II, fols. 1r–42v (7th/8th cent.) (=GIOV.AB; PAThs)

N  Newark, P. Newark Museum, acc. 75.98, pp. 71–72 (6th cent.)

P  CLM 1643 (10th/11th cent.) (PAThs):

pp. 27–28: Bibliothèque nationale de France, Copte 129¹⁷, fol. 50 ~ Gallica

pp. 31–32: Bibliothèque nationale de France, Copte 129¹⁸, fol. 140 ~ Gallica

Related Manuscripts:

Cairo, Coptic Museum, Munier 9228 ~ now identified as Ps.-Athanasius, De misericordia patris

Oxford, Bodleian Library, Copt. 27 (PAThs) ~ a homily incorporating the text

Barns, John W. B. “Bodleian Fragments of a Sa‘îdic version of the Acta Pilati.” Pages 245–50 in Coptic Studies in Honor of Walter Ewing Crum. Boston: Byzantine Institute, 1950.

Lacau, Pierre. Fragments d’apocryphes coptes. Mémoires publiés par les membres de l’Institut français d’archéologie orientale 9. Cairo: Imprimerie de l’IFAO, Paris: Firmin Didot, 1904 (editions and translations of CLM 1643, pp. 5–8; French translation, pp. 9–14).

Munier, Henri. Catalogue Général des Antiquités Égyptiennes du Musée du Caire, nos. 9201–9304. Manuscrits Coptes. Cairo: IFAO, 1916 (description and edition of Cairo 9228, pp. 19–21).

Revillout, Eugène. “Les Apocryphes coptes II: Acta Pilati.” Patrologia Orientalis 9 (1913): 59-127–39 (text and translation of the Turin papyrus, pp. 66–127; and CLM 1643, pp. 127–32).

Rossi, Franceso, ed. I papiri copti del Museo Egizio di Torino. 2 vols. Turin, 1887–1892 (Reprint of Trascrizione di un codice copto del Museo egizio di Torino con illustrazione e note. Memorie delta Reale accademia delle scienze di Torino ser. 2, 35. Turin: Stamperia reale, 1883; text of the Turin papyrus, pp. 10–83; translation, pp. 84–90; 6 plates).

Vandoni, Mariangela, and Tito Orlandi, eds. Vangelo di Nicodemo. 2 vols. Testi e documenti per lo Studio dell’antichità 15. Milan: Instituto Editoriale Cisalpino, 1966 (new edition of the Turin papyrus, vol. 1, pp. 11–38; Italian translation, vol. 2, pp. 7–33).

Zellman-Rohrer, Michael. “A New Coptic Witness to the Acts of Pilate (Gospel of Nicodemus).” JTS 69 (2018): 611–27 (text and translation, pp. 626–27; images, p. 625).

3.1.4 Georgian

3.1.4.1 Group 1

Mount Sinai, Monē tēs Hagias Aikaterinēs, Geo. 78 (1031)

3.1.4.2 Group 2 (ends at 13:3)

Kutaisi, State historical Museum, 38 (1579–1612)

Kutaisi, State historical Museum, 34 (17th cent.) ~ ends at 9: 4

Tbilisi, National Center of manuscripts, A-70 (13th cent.)

Tbilisi, National Center of manuscripts, A-674 (15th cent.)

Tbilisi, National Center of manuscripts, Q-39 (1560–1578)

Tsageri (location unknown today) (16th cent.) ~ edited by Khakhanov

3.1.4.3 Group 3 (complete text but revised against a Greek model)

Tbilisi, National Center of manuscripts, A-71 (18th cent.)

Tbilisi, National Center of manuscripts, H-354 (1802)

Dzavachišvili, I. A. Sinis mt’is k’art’ul helnacert’a agceriloba. Tbilisi: Academy of Sciences, 1947 (text from Sinai Geo. 78).

Khakhanov, A., ed. “Evangelie Nikodima.” Drevnosti vostochnyia: Trudy Vostochnoj kommissii Imperatorskogo moskovskogo arkheologicheskogo obshchestva (Moscow) 3 (1907): 1–20 (text from lost Tsageri manuscript with Russian translation and commentary).

K‘urc‘ikiże, C‘iala. Nik’odimosis apok’rip’uli c’ignis k’art’uli versia. Tbilisi: Mecniereba, 1985 (edition based on 9 manuscripts).

Outtier, Bernard. “The Armenian and Georgian Versions of the Evangelium Nicodemi.” Apocrypha 21 (2010): 49–55 (manuscripts listed pp. 53–55).

3.1.5 Greek

3.1.5.1 Recension A (BHG 779t; sigla based on Furrer 2010)

3.1.5.1.1 Family φ

C  Paris, Bibliothèque nationale de France, gr. 770, fols. 7^r–20^v (1315)

F Milan, Biblioteca Ambrosiana, C 92 sup. (Martini-Bassi 192), fols. 318^v–327^r (14th cent.)

G  Milan, Biblioteca Ambrosiana, A 56 sup. (Martini-Bassi 4), fols. 134^r–160^r (16th cent.) ~ Pinakes

H  London, British Library, Harley 5639, fols. 124^r–131^v (14th and 16th cent.) ~ Pinakes; London

K  London, British Library, Harley 5636, fols. 1^r–25^v (16th cent.)

X  Meteōra, Monē Rousanou, Hagia Trias 14 (Rousanou 12), fols. 1^r–10^v (15th/16th cent.) ~ Pinakes

Y  Meteōra, Monē Rousanou, Hagia Trias 90, fols. 86^r–101^v (16th cent.) ~ Pinakes

Z  Rome, Biblioteca Nazionale Centrale Vittorio Emanuele II, Gr. 20, fols. 91^v–109^v (15th cent.)

3.1.5.1.1 Family χ

A  Munich, Bayerische Staatsbibliothek, gr. 192, fols. 305^r–314^v (14th cent.) ~ Pinakes; Munich

M  Mount Athos, Monē Megistēs Lauras, K 81, fols. 47^v–56^v (1368) ~ Pinakes

O  Athens, Ethnikē Bibliothēkē tēs Ellados, 2187, fols. 193^r–204^v (15th cent.) ~ Pinakes

Q  Mount Athos, Monē Docheiariou, 114, fols. 264^r–275^v (16th cent.) ~ Pinakes

W  Mount Athos, Monē Batopediou, 776, fols. 110^r–125^v (18th cent.) ~ Pinakes; Athos

3.1.5.1.3 Unclassable

B  Munich, Bayerische Staatsbibliothek, gr. 276, fols. 200^r–221^v (12th cent.) ~ Pinakes; Munich

E  Paris, Bibliothèque nationale de France, gr. 929, pp. 29–30, 15–28, 31–34, 1–14 (15th cent.)

I  Munich, Bayerische Staatsbibliothek, gr. 524, fols. 113^r–122^r (14th cent.) ~ Pinakes; Munich

J  Andros, Monē Zōodochou Pēgēs ē Agias, 46, fols. 301^v–311^v (15th cent.) ~ Pinakes

N  Mount Athos, Monē Megistēs Lauras, Λ 117, fols. 322^r–337^r (16th cent.) ~ Pinakes

Alvarez-Campos, Sergio. Corpus Marianum patristicum. Vol. 4, pt. 2. Burgos: Aldecoa, 1979 (portions of Tischendorf’s Greek A text, pp. 531–33).

Ehrman, Bart D. and Zlatko Pleše, The Apocryphal Gospels: Texts and Translations. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press, 2011 (Tischendorf’s Greek A text with parallel English translation, pp. 419–63).

Furrer, Christiane. “La recension Grecque ancienne des Acts de Pilate.” Apocrypha 21 (2010): 11–30 (description and study of the Greek A manuscripts).

Giles, J. A. Codex Apocryphus Novi Testamenti: The Uncanonical Gospels and Other Writings. London: D. Nutt, 1852 (reproduction of text from Thilo, pp. 150–219).

Huidekoper, Frederic, ed. Acts of Pilate, from a Transcript of the Codex Designated by Thilo as Paris D. Cambridge: J. Wilson and Son, 1887 (text based on Paris BNF gr. 808).

Lake, Kirsopp. “Texts from Mount Athos.” Studia Biblica et Ecclesiastica 5 (1902): 152–63 (Greek text of Lauras, Λ 117).

Thilo, Ioannis Caroli. Codex apocryphus Noui Testamenti. Vol. 1. Leipzig: Vogel, 1832 (Greek and Latin texts, pp. 487–802).

Tischendorf, Constantin von. Evangelia Apocrypha. Leipzig: Mendelssohn, 1853; 2nd ed. 1876 (edition of Greek A based on manuscripts ABCEFGK and NarD, pp. 210–86).

3.1.5.1.4 Narratio Iosephi rescripta (BHG779tb; includes Greek A chs. 1–2 and 5–8)

NarS  Athens, Ethnikē bibliothēkē tēs hellados, 352, fols. 150^v–172^v (17th cent.) ~ Pinakes

NarU  Istanbul, Patriarchikē bibliothēkē, Theologikē scholē, gr. 100 (92), fols. 202^r–222^v (16th cent.) ~ Pinakes

NarT  Jerusalem, Patriarchikē bibliothēkē, Hagiou Saba, 422, fols. 3–10 (16th cent.) ~ Pinakes

NarR  Paris, Bibliothèque nationale de France, gr. 947 (olim 1574), fols. 115^v–133^r (1574)

NarD  Paris, Bibliothèque nationale de France, gr. 1021, fols. 347^r–367^r (15th/16th cent.) = D in Tischendorf’s edition of Greek A

3.1.5.1.4 Extracts in Germanus of Constantinople, Hist. eccl.

germM  Munich, Bayerische Staatsbibliothek, gr. 131, fol. 50 (16th cent.) ~ Pinakes; Munich

germP  Paris, Bibliothèque nationale de France, Coislin 296, fols. 62-67 (12th cent.) ~ Pinakes; Gallica

germV  Vatican, Biblioteca Apostolic Vaticana, Barb. gr. 522, fol. 50 (13th cent.) ~ Pinakes; BAV

3.1.5.2 Recension B (BHG 779u; BHG 779v; BHG 779w) ~ translated from Latin A and extant in 31 manuscripts; sigla from Gounelle 2008

3.1.5.2.1 Family M1 (779t)

A  Venice, Biblioteca Nazionale Marciana, gr. II, 151, fols. 297^v–317^v ~ Tischendorf A; Pinakes

Cv  Vatican, Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana, Pal. gr. 269, fols. 145^r–149^r (15th cent.) ~ Pinakes; BAV

F  Ann Arbor, University of Michigan Library, gr. 58, fols. 1-40 (14th cent.) ~ Pinakes

Ob  Oxford, Bodleian Library, Holkham gr. 9 (olim 93), fols. 134^r–140^v (16th cent.) ~ Pinakes; Oxford

S  Mount Sinai, Monē tēs Hagias Aikaterinēs, gr. 530, fols. 114^r–138^v (15th/16th cent.) ~ Pinakes; LOC

T  Vatican, Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana, Ott. gr. 411, fols. 134^r–150^v (1445)

Z  Jerusalem, Patriarchikē bibliothēkē, Hagiou Saba, 429, fols. 62^r–82^v (16th/17th cent.) ~ Pinakes

3.1.5.2.2 Family M2 (779uv)

At  Athens, Ethnikē Bibliothēkē tēs Ellados, 2319, fol. 2^r (15th cent.) ~ 779v; Pinakes

B  Paris, Bibliothèque nationale de France, gr. 808 (olim Regius 2342²), fols. 261^r–279^v (16th cent.)

E  Vatican, Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana, Vat. gr. 1774, fols. 326-42 (1472/1473) ~ Pinakes; BAV

J  Jerusalem, Patriarchikē bibliothēkē, Panagiou Taphou, 280, fols. 119^r–130^r (16th cent.) ~ Pinakes

K  Mount Sinai, Monē tēs Hagias Aikaterinēs, gr. 1877 (Kamil 788), fols. 444^v–453^v (1784) ~ Pinakes

N  Venice, Biblioteca Nazionale Marciana, gr. VII, 38 (coll. 1385), fols. 384^v–392^v (16th cent.) ~ 779uv; Pinakes

Q  Venice, Biblioteca Nazionale Marciana, gr. VII, 41 (coll. 1468), fols. 262^r–272^v (16th cent.) ~ 779uv; Pinakes

R  Mount Sinai, Monē tēs Hagias Aikaterinēs, gr. 521, fols. 217^v–224^r (14th/15th cent.) ~ Pinakes; LOC

Si  Mount Sinai, Monē tēs Hagias Aikaterinēs, gr. 1988 (Kamil 1694), fols. 27^r–42^v (17th/18th cent.) ~ Pinakes

U  Mount Sinai, Monē tēs Hagias Aikaterinēs, gr. 1697 (Kamil 503), fols. 201^r–224^r (17th cent.)

Tb  Vatican, Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana, Ott. gr. 411, fols. 151^r–153^v (1445)

Not included in Gounelle’s list:

Meteroa, Monē Barlaam, 144, fols. 317^v–322^r (16th cent.) ~ 779v; Pinakes

Meteroa, Monē Barlaam, 156, fols. 71^v–83^r (1619/1620) ~ 779v; Pinakes

Sofia, C’rkovno-istoričeski i archiven Institut, 881, fols. 72^v–78^v (17th cent.)

3.1.5.2.3 Family M3 (779w)

C  Venice, Biblioteca Nazionale Marciana, gr. II, 87 (coll. 1258; olim Nanianus CIX), fols. 226^r–254^v (16th cent.) ~ Pinakes

D  Oxford, Bodleian Library, Holkham gr. 24 (olim 90), fols. 259^r–286^v (15th cent.) ~ Pinakes; Oxford

E  Mount Athos, Monē Ibērōn, 692 (Lambros 4812), fols. 82^r–113^r, 113^r–114^v (16th cent.) ~ Pinakes

L  Mount Athos, Monē Megistēs Lauras, H 31 (Eustratiades 686), fols. 56^r–107^r (18th/19th cent.) ~ Pinakes

M  Venice, Biblioteca Nazionale Marciana, gr. II, 97 (coll. 1131), fols. 281^r–288^v (16th cent.) ~ 779uv; Pinakes

O  Oxford, Bodleian Library, Holkham gr. 9 (olim 93), fols. 66^r–105^r (16th cent.) ~ Pinakes; Oxford

P  Paris, Bibliothèque nationale de France, suppl. gr. 1169, fols. 1^v–39^r (1685)

X  Mount Athos, Monē Hagiou Pantelēmonos, 742 (Lambros 6249), fols. 1^r–27^r (19th cent.) ~ Pinakes

Y  Mount Athos, Monē Hagiou Pantelēmonos, 744 (Lambros 6251), fols. 81^r–102^r (19th cent.) ~ Pinakes

St. Petersburg, Rossijskaâ Akademiâ Nauk. Biblioteka, RAIK 166, fols. 9–29 (ca. 1760–1770) ~ Pinakes

3.1.5.2.4 Family M4

A  Mount Athos, Monē Hagiou Panteleēmonos, 279 (Lambros 5786), fols. 109^r–112^v (1879) ~ Pinakes

B  Mount Athos, Monē Panteleēmonos, 281 (Lambros 5788), fols. 119^r–124^v (19th cent.) ~ Pinakes

C  Mount Athos, Monē Batopediou, 814, fols. 47^r–51^v (1860) ~ Pinakes; Athos

D  Mount Athos, Monē Grēgoriou, 42 (Lambros 589), fols. 14^r–16^v (19th cent.) ~ Pinakes; Athos

Ehrman, Bart D. and Zlatko Pleše, The Apocryphal Gospels: Texts and Translations. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press, 2011 (Tischendorf’s Greek B [chs. 13–27 only], pp. 465–89).

Gounelle, Rémi. Les recensions byzantines de l’evangile de Nicodeme. CCSA Instrumenta 3. Turnhout: Brepols, 2008 (synoptic editions of M1, M2, and M3, pp. 173–321).

Tischendorf, Constantin von. Evangelia Apocrypha. Leipzig: Mendelssohn, 1853; 2nd ed. 1876 (edition of Greek B, pp. 287–332).

3.1.6 Latin

Vienna, Österreichische Nationalbibliothek, Cod. 563, undertext fols. 123, 125, 126, 128, 130, 131, 133, 134, 136–140, 143, 144, 146–154, 161–170, 173, 174, 177 (5th cent.) = Izydorczyk, Census no. 393

Baudoin, Anne-Catherine, and Zbigniew Izydorczyk. “A Collaborative Commentary on the Vienna Palimpsest.” Pages 83–165 in The Oldest Manuscript of the Acts of Pilate: A Collaborative Commentary on the Vienna Palimpsest. Edited by Anne-Catherine Baudoin and Zbigniew Izydorczyk. Proceedings of the International Summer Schools on Christian Apocryphal Literature 2. Strassbourg, 2019 (Philippart’s edition with commentary).

Philippart, Guy. “Les fragments palimpsestes de l’Évangile de Nicodème dans le Vindobonensis 563 (Ve siècle?).” AnBoll 107 (1989): 171–88.

3.1.6.1 Latin A (BHL 4151p; begins with second prologue; adds the Descensus)

Aachen, Stadarchiv, KK Regulierherren Nr. 9 (olim Hs. 66), fol. 80^r–91^r (15th cent.) = Izydorczyk, Census no. 1

Alençon, Bibliothèque municipale, 17, fols. 163^r–175^v (13th cent.) = Izydorczyk, Census no. 4

Bamberg, Staatsbibliothek, Theol. 112 (formerly Q.IV.13), fols. 246^r–253^r (15th cent.) = Izydorczyk, Census no. 11

Berkeley, University of California, Bancroft Library, UCB 020, fols. 21^r–48^r (12th cent.) = Izydorczyk, Census no. 15

Berlin, Staatsbibliothek Preussischer Kulturbesitz, MS Theol. lat. qu. 369, fols. 64^r–65^v (13th cent.) = Izydorczyk, Census no. 22

Bologna, Biblioteca Universitaria, 2601, fols. 113^r–127^v (A.D. 1465) = Izydorczyk, Census no. 26

Bordeaux, Bibliothèque municipale, 111, fols. 275^v–284^v (late 14th cent.) = Izydorczyk, Census no. 28

Brno, Státní vedecká knihovna (Universitní knihovna), Mk 99, fol. 145^r–160^r (14th cent.) = Izydorczyk, Census no. 34

Brussels, Bibliothèque Royale Albert I^er, 2720–22 (V.d.G. 1878), fols. 139^v–154^r (13th cent.) = Izydorczyk, Census no. 39

Brussels, Bibliothèque Royale Albert I^er, 2741-47 (V.d.G. 1569), fols. 98^r–108^r (15th cent.) = Izydorczyk, Census no. 40

Brussels, Bibliothèque Royale Albert I^er,  II. 937 (V.d.G. 3283), fols. 1^v–12^v (13th cent.) = Izydorczyk, Census no. 42

Cambridge, Corpus Christi College, 385, pp. 223–39 (13/14th cent.) = Izydorczyk, Census no. 45

Cambridge, Corpus Christi College, 441, pp. 393–414 (13/14th cent.) = Izydorczyk, Census no. 46

Cambridge, Corpus Christi College, 500, fols. 110^r–116^v (14/15th cent.) = Izydorczyk, Census no. 47

Cambridge, Gonville and Caius College, 441/636, fols. 93^v–101^v (early 14th cent.) = Izydorczyk, Census no. 48

Cambridge, St. John’s College, B.20 (James 42), fols. 62^v–70^v (ca. 1140) = Izydorczyk, Census no. 52

Cambridge, Trinity College, R.7.2 (James 740), pp. 89–113 (1562–1564) = Izydorczyk, Census no. 55

Cambridge, University Library, Dd.III.16 (includes Fols.II.8 and Oo.VII.48), fols. 22^r–31^r (14th cent.) = Izydorczyk, Census no. 57

Cambridge, University Library, Fols.II.20, fols. 81^r–90^v (14th cent.) = Izydorczyk, Census no. 58

Cambridge, University Library, Ff.VI.54, fols. 61^r–114^r (14th cent.) = Izydorczyk, Census no. 59

Cambridge, University Library, Gg.IV.25, fols. 72^r–81^r (15th cent.) = Izydorczyk, Census no. 60

Cambridge (Mass.), Harvard Houghton Library, Lat. 117, fols. 1^r–22^r (1350–1400) = Izydorczyk, Census no. 62

České Budějovice, Státní vědecká knihovna, MS 1 VB 28, fols. 1^r–29^r (15th cent.) = Izydorczyk, Census no. 64; includes Prol. II and then I

Chartres, Bibliothèque municipale, 285 (341), fols. 264^r–? (14th cent.) = Izydorczyk, Census no. 426 (destroyed in 1944)

Dijon, Bibliothèque municipale, 50, fols. 119^r–24^r (12th cent.) ~ truncated at end; = Izydorczyk, Census no. 66

Dublin, Trinity College, 497 (E.2.26), fols. 51^r–60^r (late 14th cent.) = Izydorczyk, Census no. 70

Einsiedeln, Stiftsbibliothek, 169, pp. 66–112 (10th cent.) = Izydorczyk, Census no. 73

Einsiedeln, Stiftsbibliothek, 250 (382), pp. 375–412 (ca. 1150) = Izydorczyk, Census no. 74

Einsiedeln, Stiftsbibliothek, 326, fols. 11^r–29^v (9th cent., 2nd third) = Izydorczyk, Census no. 75

Erlangen, Universitätsbibliothek, 660, fols. 161^v–178^r (1460–1480) = Izydorczyk, Census no. 78; Tischendorf Db

Eutin, Kreisbibliothek, II, pp. 1^v–16^v (15th cent.) = Izydorczyk, Census no. 79

Gdańsk, Biblioteka Polskiej Akademii Nauk, MS 1956, fols. 85^r–91^r (15th cent.) = Izydorczyk, Census no. 85

Genève-Cologny, Bibliothèque Bodmer, MS Bodmer 127, fols. 2^r–10^r (12th cent.) = Izydorczyk, Census no. 89

Göttingen, Niedersächsische Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek, 4^o Cod. Ms. Theol. 153, fols. 86^r–95^r (15th cent.) = Izydorczyk, Census no. 93

Graz, Universitätsbibliothek, 1314 (37/45), fols. 12^r–20^r (14th cent., 2nd half) = Izydorczyk, Census no. 98

Graz, Universitätsbibliothek, 814 (35/2), fols. 274^r–288^v (15th cent.) ~ chs. 1–14; = Izydorczyk, Census no. 429 (lost during World War II)

Graz, Universitätsbibliothek, 856 (38/47), fols. 50^r–61^r (15th cent.) = Izydorczyk, Census no. 97

Halberstadt, Gymnasial-Bibliothek, 13 (15th c.) = Izydorczyk, Census no. 103

Halle (Salle), Archiv der Francke’schen Stiftungen, P 7, fols. 2^r–? (15th cent.) = Izydorczyk, Census no. 104

Hamburg, Universitätsbibliothek, Theol. 1468, fols. 1^r–15^r (late 15th cent.) = Izydorczyk, Census no. 106

Hannover, Niedersächsische Landesbibliothek, I 247, fols. 1^r–17^r (14th cent.) = Izydorczyk, Census no. 109

Karlsruhe, Badische Landesbibliothek, Aug. 63, fols. 31^r–40^r (1385) = Izydorczyk, Census no. 111

Klosterneuburg, Stiftsbibliothek, 495, fols. 1^r–9^v (early 15th c.) = Izydorczyk, Census no. 116

Copenhagen, Kongelige Bibliothek, Gl. kgl.1336, 4^o, fols. 1^r–13^r (1400) = Izydorczyk, Census no. 121; Tischendorf Havn

Köln, Erzbischöfliche Diözesan- und Dombibliothek, Priesterseminarbibliothek 66, fols. 1^r–49^r (14th cent.) = Izydorczyk, Census no. 124

Kraków, Biblioteka Jagiellońska, 1453, pp. 372^r–390^r (early 15th cent.) = Izydorczyk, Census no. 125

Kraków, Biblioteka Jagiellońska, 1671, fols. 71^v–78^v (14th/15th cent.) = Izydorczyk, Census no. 128

Leipzig, Universitätsbibliothek, 819, fols. 92^r–107^v (early 13th cent.) = Izydorczyk, Census no. 136

Lemgo, Stadtbibliothek, 10, fols. 1^r–13^v (ca. 1400) = Izydorczyk, Census 137

London, British Library, Add. 11619, fols. 211^r–228^v (14th cent.) = Izydorczyk, Census no. 142

London, British Library, Arundel 404, fols. 19^r–28^r (14th cent.) = Izydorczyk, Census no. 148

London, British Library, Cotton Galba E. VII, fols. 31^v–37^v (early 15th cent.) = Izydorczyk, Census no. 149

London, British Library, Harley 232, fols. 8^r–13^v (14th–15th cent.) = Izydorczyk, Census no. 153

London, British Library, Harley 3185, fols. 15^v–40^v (14th cent.) = Izydorczyk, Census no. 155

London, British Library, Royal 1 E. IX, fols. 282^r–286^r (15th cent.) = Izydorczyk, Census no. 157

London, Lambeth Palace Library, 165, fols. 95^v–99^r (early 13th cent.) = Izydorczyk, Census no. 165

London, Lincoln Inn Library, Hale 73, fols. 165^r–175^r (late 14th cent.) = Izydorczyk, Census no. 169

Luzern, Zentralbibliothek, KB P Msc. 29 quarto, fols. 1^r–26^r (14th cent.) = Izydorczyk, Census no. 171

Madrid, Biblioteca nacional, 9783, fols. 87^v–98^r (13–15th cent.) = Izydorczyk, Census no. 172

Madrid, Biblioteca Nacional, MS Vitr. 23-8, fols. 162^r–202^r (13th/14th cent.) = Izydorczyk, Census no. 173; IMAGES

Melk, Stiftsbibliothek, 1838 (474, H 96), fols. 146^r–166^v (15th cent.) = Izydorczyk, Census no. 174

Montpellier, Bibliothèque Interuniversitaire, Section Médecine, 503, fols. 40^r–51^v (14th cent.) = Izydorczyk, Census no. 178

Munich, Bayerische Staatsbibliotek, Clm 642, fols. 1^v–24^v (11th cent.) = Izydorczyk, Census no. 179

Munich, Bayerische Staatsbibliothek, Clm 2689, fols. 94^v–103^v (14th cent.) = Izydorczyk, Census no. 181

Munich, Bayerische Staatsbibliothek, Clm 7587, fols. 24^r–35^v (15th cent.) = Izydorczyk, Census no. 184

Munich, Bayerische Staatsbibliothek, Clm 8374, fols. 225^v–233^r (late 14th–early 15th cent.) = Izydorczyk, Census no. 186

Munich, Bayerische Staatsbibliothek, Clm 8485 (15th cent.) ~ not in Izydorczyk

Munich, Bayerische Staatsbibliothek, Clm 8872, fols. 171^r–175^r (14th cent.) = Izydorczyk, Census no. 187

Munich, Bayerische Staatsbibliothek, Clm 11403, fols. 62^v–70^r (1458–1460) = Izydorczyk, Census no. 190

Munich, Bayerische Staatsbibliothek, Clm 14332, fols. 217^r–225^r (15th cent.) = Izydorczyk, Census no. 195

Munich, Bayerische Staatsbibliothek, Clm 19105, fols. 51^v–95^v (7th/8th cent.) = Izydorczyk, Census no. 199

Munich, Bayerische Staatsbibliothek, Clm 19644, fols. 97^r–107^r (14th cent.) = Izydorczyk, Census no. 201

Munich, Bayerische Staatsbibliothek, Clm 22353, fols. 86^r–94^v (1452) = Izydorczyk, Census no. 202

Munich, Bayerische Staatsbibliothek, Clm 23839, fols. 57^r–64^v (1434) = Izydorczyk, Census no. 203

Munich, Bayerische Staatsbibliothek, Clm 23989, fols. 61^v–64^r (1482) = Izydorczyk, Census no. 204

Munich, Bayerische Staatsbibliothek, Clm 26684, fols. 155^r–161^r (14th cent.) = Izydorczyk, Census no. 205

Munich, Bayerische Staatsbibliothek, Clm 28168, fols. 166^r–174^v (13th/14th cent.) = Izydorczyk, Census no. 206

Oxford, Bodleian Library, Add. cent. 214, fols. 2^r–8^r (15th cent.) = Izydorczyk, Census no. 222

Oxford, Bodleian Library, Bodl. 110, fols. 1^r–14^r (early 15th cent.) = Izydorczyk, Census no. 224

Oxford, Bodleian Library, Bodl. 428, fols. 29^v–36^r (13th cent.) = Izydorczyk, Census no. 226

Oxford, Bodleian Library, Fairfax 17, fols. 44^r–54^r (late 12th cent.) = Izydorczyk, Census no. 232

Oxford, Bodleian Library, Hamilton 6, fols. 118^r–127^r (15th cent.) = Izydorczyk, Census no. 233

Oxford, Bodleian Library, Laud. misc. 183, fols. 530^v–546^r (14th cent.) = Izydorczyk, Census no. 236

Oxford, Bodleian Library, Laud. misc. 402, fols. 117^r–129^r (13th cent.) = Izydorczyk, Census no. 237

Oxford, Bodleian Library, Selden Supra 74, fols. 18^v–25^v (13th cent.) =Izydorczyk, Census no. 239

Oxford, Christ Church, 99, fols. 202^r–209^r (13th cent., 2nd half) = Izydorczyk, Census no. 240

Oxford, Jesus College, 4, fols. 96^v–105^r (11th and/or 12th cent.) = Izydorczyk, Census no. 241

Paris, Bibliothèque Mazarine, 693 (939), fols. 145^v–154^v (13th cent.) = Izydorczyk, Census no. 250

Paris, Bibliothèque nationale de France, Lat. 1652, fols. 31^r–48^r (15th cent.) = Izydorczyk, Census no. 252

Paris, Bibliothèque nationale de France, Lat. 1722, fols. 102^v–105^v (12th/13th cent.) = Izydorczyk, Census no. 253

Paris, Bibliothèque nationale de France, Lat. 3338, fols. 155^v–166^r (late 13th–early 14th cent.) = Izydorczyk, Census no. 259

Paris, Bibliothèque nationale de France, Lat. 3784, fols. 108^v–112^v (11th cent., 1st half) = Izydorczyk, Census no. 263

Paris, Bibliothèque nationale de France, lat. 5327, fols. 35^v–55^r (10th cent.) = Izydorczyk, Census no. 268

Paris, Bibliothèque nationale de France, Lat. 5556, fols. 1^r–21^r  (14th cent.) =Izydorczyk, Census no. 270

Paris, Bibliothèque nationale de France, Lat. 5557, fols. 2^r–19^v (13th or 14th cent.) = Izydorczyk, Census no. 271

Paris, Bibliothèque nationale de France, Lat. 5558, fols. 5^r–17^v (14th cent.) = Izydorczyk, Census no. 272

Paris, Bibliothèque nationale de France, Lat. 5559, fols. 2^r–40^r (late 15th cent.) = Izydorczyk, Census no. 273

Paris, Bibliothèque nationale de France, Lat. 10586, fols. 56^v–80^v (14th cent.) = Izydorczyk, Census no. 279

Poznan, Miejska Biblioteka Publiczna, Rkp. 188, fols. 65^r–83^v (15th cent.) =Izydorczyk, Census no. 294

Praha, Knihovna metropolitní kapituli, N. LIV, fols. 1^r–21^r (1478) = Izydorczyk, Census no. 299

Praha, Státní knihovna, I.E.39, fols. 88^r–104^r (15th cent.) = Izydorczyk, Census no. 304

Praha, Státní knihovna, III.C.18, fols. 278^v–288^r (14th–15th c.); = Izydorczyk, Census no. 306

Praha, Státní knihovna, IV.E.8, fols. 139^v–iii^r (early 14th cent.) = Izydorczyk, Census no. 310

Praha, Státní knihovna, Osek 40, fols. 218^v–224^v (14th cent.) = Izydorczyk, Census no. 301

Praha, Státní knihovna, V.F.11, fols. 219^v–227^v (late 14th cent.) = Izydorczyk, Census no. 311

Praha, Státní knihovna, X.E.13, fols. 74^r–80^v (14th cent.) = Izydorczyk, Census no. 314

Praha, Státní knihovna, XIII.E.14.c, fols. 2^v–25^v (1303) = Izydorczyk, Census no. 316

Praha, Státní knihovna, XIV.E.10, fols. 31^r–52^v (1312) = Izydorczyk, Census no. 317

Praha, Státní knihovna, XIV.H.2, fols. 24^r–30^v (14th cent.) = Izydorczyk, Census no. 320

Praha, Státní knihovna, XIV.H.33, fols. 78^r–91^v (13th cent.) = Izydorczyk, Census no. 321

Rome, Biblioteca Alessandrina, 120, fols. 169–75 (13th/14th cent.) = Izydorczyk, Census no. 326

Rome, Biblioteca dell’Accademia Nazionale dei Lincei e Corsiniana, 1146, fols (14th cent.) = Izydorczyk, Census no. 329; Tischendorf Dc

Rome, Biblioteca Vallicellana, MS F. 65, fols. 55^r–77^v (13th cent.) = Izydorczyk, Census no. 330

Rouen, Bibliothèque municipale, A. 526 (677), fols. 96 ^r–117^v (14th cent.) =Izydorczyk, Census no. 331

Strasbourg, Bibliothèque nationale et universitaire, 190 (Latin 187), fols. 1^r–34^v (16th cent.) = Izydorczyk, Census no. 349; images in Izydorczyk, “The Strasbourg Manuscript,” 54–80

Saint-Omer, Bibliothèque Municipale, MS 202, fols. 1^r–13^r (9th cent.) = Izydorczyk, Census no. 334

Salzburg, Erzabtei St. Peter, a V 27, fols. 111 ^r–138 ^r (12th cent.) = Izydorczyk, Census no. 336

Schlägl, Stiftsbibliothek, 156 Cpl. 145, fols. 374^v–387^v (1473) = Izydorczyk, Census no. 340

Třeboň, Státní Archiv, A 14, fols. 91 ^r–102^v (15th cent.) = Izydorczyk, Census no. 354

Trier, Stadtbibliothek, 112/1092 8^o, fols. 1 ^r–22^v (12th cent.) = Izydorczyk, Census no. 357

Trier, Stadtbibliothek, 200/1190 8^o, fols. 53^r–67^r (14th cent.) = Izydorczyk, Census no. 358

Trier, Stadtbibliotek, 550/1538, fols. 59^r–79^v (14th cent.) = Izydorczyk, Census no. 359

Trier, Stadtbibliothek, 613/1552 4°, fols. 60 ^r–80 ^r (15th cent.) = Izydorczyk, Census no. 360

Trier, Stadtbibliotek, 615/1558, fols. 77^r–87^r (15th cent.) = Izydorczyk, Census no. 361

Urbana (Illinois), University Library, RBR Uncat. 75 23, fols. 19^r–31^v (15th cent., 1st half) = Izydorczyk, Census no. 367

Utrecht, Bibliothek der Universiteit, 316, fols. 91^r–96 ^r (15th cent.) = Izydorczyk, Census no. 368

Vatican, Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana, Pal. lat. 366, fols. 169^r–199^v (15th cent.) = Izydorczyk, Census no. 370

Vatican, Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana, Pal. lat. 438, fols. 260^r–267^v (15th cent.) = Izydorczyk, Census no. 371

Vatican, Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana, Reg. lat. 522, fols. 48^r–58^r (15th cent.) = Izydorczyk, Census no. 375

Vatican, Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana, Reg. lat. 630, fols. 51^r–63^r (12th cent.) = Izydorczyk, Census no. 376

Vatican, Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana, Reg. lat. 648, fols. 27^v–44^r (12th/13th cent.) = Izydorczyk, Census no. 377

Vatican, Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana, Urb. lat. 59, fols. 231^r–240^r (15th cent.) = Izydorczyk, Census no. 379

Vatican, Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana, Vat. lat. 5094, fols. 1^r–18^v (12th cent.) = Izydorczyk, Census no. 384

Vienna, Österreichische Nationalbibliothek, 1180, fols. 158^r–165^r (13th cent.) = Izydorczyk, Census no. 396

Vienna, Österreichische Nationalbibliothek, Ser. n. 4294, fols. 1^r–12^v (early 16th cent.) = Izydorczyk, Census no. 400

Virginia Water (Great Britain), Rev. Dr. Ginsburg MS (14th cent) ~ current location unknown; = Izydorczyk, Census no. 436

Washington, Library of Congress, 95, fols. 1^r–17^r (early 16th cent.) = Izydorczyk, Census no. 391

Winchester, Winchester College Library, MS 41, fols. 136^r–147^v (15th cent.) = Izydorczyk, Census no. 402

Wolfenbüttel, Herzog-August-Bibliothek, Cod. Guelf. 38.8 Aug. 2^o, fols. 1^r–11^v (15th cent., 1st half) = Izydorczyk, Census no. 404

Wolfenbüttel, Herzog-August-Bibliothek, Cod. Guelf. 254 Gud. Lat. 4^o, fols. 1^r–17^v (15th cent.) = Izydorczyk, Census no. 407

Wolfenbüttel, Herzog-August-Bibliothek, Cod. Guelf. 297 Helmst., fols. 131^r–137^v (15th cent.) = Izydorczyk, Census no. 408

Worcester, Chapter Library, Worcester Cathedral Q. 51, fols. 1^r–8^v (late 12th cent.) = Izydorczyk, Census no. 410.

Wroclaw, Biblioteka Uniwersytecka, IV Q 41, fols. 254^r–207^v (15th cent.) = Izydorczyk, Census no. 419

Würzburg, Universitätsbibliothek, M.ch.f. 294, fols. 80^r–88^r (15th cent.) = Izydorczyk, Census no. 421

3.1.6.2 Latin B (BHL 4151q, 4151r, 4151ra; includes the first prologue)

Brno, Archiv Města Brna, St. Jacob 98/121, fols. 124^r–135^r (1423–1424) = Izydorczyk, Census no. 36

Cambridge, Corpus Christi College, 288, fols. 38^r–54^v (12/13th cent.) = Izydorczyk, Census no. 44

Cambridge, University Library, Mm.VI.15, fols. 87^r–101^r (14th cent.) = Izydorczyk, Census no. 61

Florence, Biblioteca Nazionale Centrale, II, II, 453, fols. 1^r–4^r (1429) = Izydorczyk, Census no. 83

London, British Library, Add. 29630, fols. 93^r–103^r (12th cent.) = Izydorczyk, Census no. 145

Munich, Bayerische Staatsbibliothek, Clm 17181, fols 103^r–111^v (11th cent.) = Izydorczyk, Census no. 198

Oxford, Bodleian Library, Canon. Pat. Lat. 117, fols. 9^r–15^r (15th cent.) = Izydorczyk, Census no. 230

Oxford, Bodleian Library, Rawlinson D. 1236, fols. 60^r–74^v (13th cent.) = Izydorczyk, Census no. 238

Padova, Biblioteca Antoniana, 473 Schaff. XXI, fols. 138^v–147^v (11th/12th cent.) = Izydorczyk, Census no. 247

Paris, Bibliothèque nationale de France, Lat. 6041A, fols. 178^v–179^v (14th cent.) = Izydorczyk, Census no. 276

Paris, Bibliothèque nationale de France, Lat. 14864, fols. 109^r–128^r (12th cent.) = Izydorczyk, Census no. 284

Paris, Bibliothèque nationale de France, N.A. Lat. 503, fols. 111r^r–129^r (14th/15th cent.) = Izydorczyk, Census no. 286

Salzburg, Erzabtei St. Peter, a.V.27, fols. 111^r–138^r (12th cent.) = Izydorczyk, Census no. 366

Vallbona, Santa Maria de Vallbona, 3, fols. 75^r–96^v (14th cent.) = Izydorczyk, Census no. 369

Vatican, Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana, Vat. lat. 4363, fols. 93^r–98^v (12th/13th cent.)  = Izydorczyk, Census no. 381; Tischendorf B

Vatican, Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana, Vat. lat. 4578, fols. 35^r–37^v (14th cent.) = Izydorczyk, Census no. 382; Tischendorf A

Venice, Biblioteca Nazionale Marciana, Marc. lat. II.65 (2901), fols. 59^r–78^r (14th cent.) = Izydorczyk, Census no. 386

Venice, Biblioteca Nazionale Marciana, Marc. lat. XIV.43 (4326), fols. 156^r–171^v (14th/15th cent.) = Izydorczyk, Census no. 387; Tischendorf C

3.1.6.3 Latin C (BHL 4151s; sigla based on Haynes 2010)

B12  Barcelona, Archivo de la Corona de Aragon, cod. Ripoll 106, fols. 246^r–253^v (9th cent.) = Izydorczyk, Census no. 12

L141  Lisbon, Biblioteca nacional, MS Alcobaça CCLXXXV/419, fols. 175^v–188^r (12th cent.) = Izydorczyk, Census no. 144

M177  Milan, Biblioteca Ambrosiana, O 35 Sup, fols. 65^r–86^r (14th cent.) = Izydorczyk, Census no. 177; Tischendorf Ambr

P257  Paris, Bibliothèque nationale de France, lat. 3214, fols. 132^v–139^v (14th cent.) = Izydorczyk, Census no. 257

P264  Paris, Bibliothèque nationale de France, lat. 4977, fols. 227^r–232^v (14th cent.) = Izydorczyk, Census no. 264

P262  Paris, Bibliothèque nationale de France, lat. 3628, fols. 109^r–122^v (14th cent.) = Izydorczyk, Census no. 262

P291  Paris, Bibliothèque nationale de France, Nouv. acq. lat. 2171, fols. 1^r–12^v (11th cent.) = Izydorczyk, Census no. 291

3.1.6.4 Mixed Text (BHL 4151sa; readings from C embedded in text of A)

Berlin, Staatsbibliothek Preussischer Kulturbesitz, Theol. lat. fol. 688, fols. 300^r–309^v (15th cent.) = Izydorczyk, Census no. 19

Berlin, Staatsbibliothek Preussischer Kulturbesitz, Theol. lat. fol. 690, fols. 210^v–222^r (15th cent.) = Izydorczyk, Census no. 20

Cambridge, Corpus Christi College, 500, fols. 110^r–116^v (14th/15th cent.) = Izydorczyk, Census no. 47

Cambridge, Trinity College, O.9.10 (James 1422), fols. 76^v–84^v (15th cent.) = Izydorczyk, Census no. 56

Cambridge (Mass.), Houghton Library, Lat. 117, fols. 1^r–22^r (14th cent.) = Izydorczyk, Census no. 62

Charleville, Bibliothèque municipale, 61 (14th/15th cent.) = Izydorczyk, Census no. 65

Hannover, Niedersächsiche Landesbibliothek, 247, fols. 1^r–16^v (14th cent.) = Izydorczyk, Census no. 109

Poitiers, Bibliothèque municipale, 425 (105), fols. 1^r–16^r (12th, 14th/15th, 17th cent.) = Izydorczyk, Census no. 293

Troyes, Bibliothèque municipale,  1636, fols. 90^r–104^v (12th/13th/14th cent.) = Izydorczyk, Census no. 362

3.1.6.5 Uncertain Designation

Florence, Biblioteca Medicea Laurenziana, S. M. 599, fols. 8^r–20^v (12th cent.) = Izydorczyk, Census no. 81; contains Prol. I and II

London, British Library, Cotton Titus D. XIX, fols. 64^r–89^r (15th cent.) = Izydorczyk, Census no. 150; contains Prol. II/I

Birch, Andreas, ed. Auctarium codicis Apocryphi Novi Testamenti Fabriciani. Havniae: Arntzen & Hartier, 1804 (Latin A and editio princeps of Greek, vol. 1, pp. 1–104).

Fabricius, Johann Albert. Codex Apocryphus Novi Testamenti. 2 vols. Hamburg: Schiller, 1703 (Latin text, vol. 1, pp. 238–98; introduction, pp. 231–37).

Kim, H. C. The Gospel of Nicodemus. Gesta Salvatoris. Toronto Medieval Latin Texts 2. Toronto: Pontifical Institute of Mediaeval Studies, 1973 (edition of Latin A from Einsiedeln 326 with readings from Bodleian Laud. misc 79).

Izydorczyk, Zbigniew. Manuscripts of the Evangelium Nicodemi: A Census. Toronto: Pontifical Institute of Mediaeval Studies, 1993.

Jones, Jeremiah. A New and Full Method of Settling the Canonical Authority of the New Testament. 3 vols. 1726. Repr., Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1827 (Latin text and English translation, vol. 2, pp. 322–40).

Tischendorf, Constantin von. Evangelia Apocrypha. Leipzig: Mendelssohn, 1853; 2nd ed. 1876 (edition of Latin A, pp. 333–416; Latin B Descensus, pp. 417–32).

3.1.7 Middle Irish

Dublin, Royal Irish Academy, 23 P 16 (the Leabhar Breac), pp. 160b–168b, 170a–172b (1408–1411)

Dublin, Royal Irish Academy, 23 O 48 a-b (476) (the Liber Flavus Fergusiorum), II, fols. 26^r–32[42]^v (1435–1440)

Atkinson, Robert, ed. and trans. The Passions and the Homilies from Leabhar Breac. Dublin: Royal Irish Academy, 1887 (text, pp. 113–34, 143–51; English translation, pp. 359–71, 392–400).

Herbert, M., and M. McNamara, trans. Irish Biblical Apocrypha: Selected Texts in Translation. Edinburgh: T & T Clark, 1989 (pp.  60–88).

Hughes, I., ed. Stair Nicoméid: The Irish Gospel of Nicodemus. Irish Texts Society 55. London: Irish Text Society, 1991.

3.1.8 Middle Welsh

Aberystywth, National Library of Wales, Peniarth 5, fols. 30^r–36^v (ca. 1350)

Williams, J. E. Caerwyn, ed. “Efengyl Nicodemus.” Bulletin of the Board of Celtic Studies 14 (1952): 257–73 (Version A from Peniath 5).

Williams, J. E. Caerwyn. “Efengyl Nicodemus yn Gymraeg.” Bulletin of the Board of Celtic Studies 14 (1952): 108–12.

3.1.9 Norse

Brøndum-Nielsen, J., ed. Et gammeldansk Digt om Christi Opstandelse efter Fragment Stockh. A 115 (c. 1325). Det Kongelige Danske Videnskabernes Selskab, Historisk-filologiske Meddelelser 35.1. Copenhagen: Munksgaard, 1955 (Old Danish verse).

Bullitta, Dario ed. and trans. Niðrstigningar saga: Sources, Transmission, and Theology of the Old Norse “Descent into Hell.” Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2017.

Collijn, I. “Nyfunna fragment af fomsvenska handskrifter bland räkenskapsomslagen i Kammararkivet.” Samlaren 34 (1913): 275–93 (Old Danish verse).

Finnur Jónsson, ed. AM 623, 4°; Helgensagaer. Samfund til udgivelse af gammel nordisk litteratur 52. Copenhagen: Jørgensen, 1927 (Old Norse-Icelandic Niorstigningarsaga from AM 623 4°, pp. 1–9).

Holtsmark, A., ed. A Book of Miracles: MS No. 645 4to of the Arna-Magnæan Collection in the University Library of Copenhagen. Corpus Codicum Islandicorum Medii Aevi 12. Copenhagen: Munksgaard, 1938 (facsimile of manuscript containing Old Norse-Icelandic Niorstigningarsaga).

Klemming, G. E., ed. “Nicodemi Evangelium, efter Oxenstjemska Codex.” Pages 377-419 in Klosterläsning. Edited by G. E. Klemming. Samlinger utgifna af svenska fomskrift-sällskapet 15. Stockholm: Norstedt & soner, 1877–1878 (Old Swedish prose).

__________, ed. Svenska medeltidens bibelarbeten. Vol. 2. Samlingar utgifna af svenska fomskrift-sällskapet 9. Stockholm: Norstedt & soner, 1848–1855 (Old Swedish prose, pp. 373–411).

Unger, C. R., ed. Heilagra manna søgur: Fortællinger og legender om hellige mænd og kvinder. Vol. 2. Oslo: Bentzen, 1877 (Old Norse-Icelandic Niorstigningarsaga, pp. 1-20; story of Pilate in Stephanus saga, pp. 287-309).

3.1.10 Old English

Cambridge, University Library, Ii.2.11, fols. 173^v–193^r (11th cent.) ~ English Manuscripts 1060–1220; follows the four New Testament Gospels

Cambridge, Corpus Christi College, 41, pp. 295–301 (11th cent.)    

London, British Library, Cotton MS Vitellius A XV, fols. 86^v–93^v (990s–12th cent.) ~ IMAGES

Hulme, William H. “The Old English Version of the Gospel of Nicodemus.” PMLA 13 (1898): 457–542.

3.1.11 Old French

London, British Library, Add. 10289, fols. 64^r–81^v (1275–1300)

3.1.12 Palestinian Aramaic (translated from Greek)

Damascus, National Museum, frags. XX and XXI (may be in the Islamic Museum, Istanbul) ~ images (38 and 39 but not identified correctly)

Mount Sinai, Monē tēs Hagias Aikaterinēs, NF MG 24, fol. 27 (9th/10th cent.; 6th/7th cent. undertext) ~ Sinai; portion of chs. 2:4–6

Brock, Sebastian. “A Fragment of the ‘Acta Pilati’ in Christian Palestinian Aramaic.” JTS n.s. 22 (1971): 157–58.

Schulthess, Friedrich. Christliche-Palästinische Fragmente aus der Omajjaden-Moschee zu Damaskus. Berlin: Weidmannsche buchhandlung, 1905 (fragments XX and XXI of underwriting, pp. 134–35).

3.1.13 Syriac (based on Greek A)

Cambridge (Mass.), Harvard Houghton Library, Syr. 99,  fols. 96^v–103^v (1899)

Charfeh, Syrian-Catholic Patriarchate, Fonds. Patr. 79, fols. 9^v–10^r (1901) ~ copied from an unnamed fourteenth-century manuscript from Mosul

Charfeh, Syrian-Catholic Patriarchate, Fonds. Patr. 87, fols. 87^r–93^r (1907) ~ copied from an unnamed eighth-century manuscript from Midyat

Edgbaston, University of Birmingham, Mingana Syr. 4, fols. 53^v–57^r (1895)

Mardin, Dayr al-Zaʿfarān, 203, fols. 82^v–88^r (20th cent.)

Midyat, Dayro d-Mor Gabriel, 21, pp. 81–88 (1971)

Midyat, Mar Barṣawmo Library, 16, pp. 142–153 (1972)

Mount Sinai, Monē tēs Hagias Aikaterinēs, syr. 82, fols. 1^r–12^v (12th cent.) + Edgbaston, University of Birmingham, Mingana Syr. 639, 2 unnumbered fols.

Vatican, Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana, Vat. sir. 596, fols. 85^v–90^r (1917)

Mingana, Alphonse. Catalogue of the Mingana Collection of Manuscripts Now in the Possession of the Trustees of the Woodbrooke Settlement, Selly Oak, Birmingham. 3 vols. Cambridge: W. Heffer & Sons, Ltd., 1933–1939 (full text of Mingana Syr. 639 given in vol. 3, pp. 79–84, with English translation, pp. 81–85).

Rahmani, Ignatius E., ed. Studia Syriaca, seu collectio documentorum hactenus ineditorum ex codicibus Syriacis: Apocryphi hypomnemata Domini Nostri, seu, Acta Pilati. 5 vols. Charfeh: Charfeh Patriarchal Seminary, 1908 (Syriac text based on Charfeh Fonds. Patr. 79 with variant readings from unidentified 8th-century manuscript from Midyat, of vol. 2:3–15, 22 [Syriac numbering]; Latin translation, vol. 2:11–28).

3.3 Concordances and Synopses

Funk, Robert. New Gospel Parallels, Vol. 2, John and the Other Gospels. 2 vols. Philadelphia: Fortress Press, 1985 (Greek A, pp. 288–346).

Vannutelli, Primo. Actorum Pilati textus synoptici. Rome: Apud Auctorem, 1938 (reprint of “Actorum Pilati textus synotici.” Synoptica [1936–1938]) (synopsis of Tischendorf’s Greek A and Greek B texts).

3.3 Modern Translations

3.3.1 English

Atkinson, Robert, ed. and trans. The Passions and the Homilies from Leabhar Breac. Dublin: Royal Irish Academy, 1887 (text, pp. 113–34, 143–51; English translation, pp. 359–71, 392–400).

Cowper, B. Harris. The Apocryphal Gospels and Other Documents Relating to the History of Christ. 4th ed. 1867. London: Frederic Norgate, 1874 (translations of Tischendorf’s Greek A; pp. 227–66; Greek B, 267–311; Latin A pp. 312–71; Descensus of Latin B, pp. 371–88).

Ehrman, Bart D. and Zlatko Pleše. The Apocryphal Gospels: Texts and Translations. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press, 2011 (Tischendorf’s Greek A text with parallel English translation, pp. 419–63; Greek B [chs. 13–27 only], pp. 465–89).

Elliott, J. K. The Apocryphal New Testament. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1993 (translation of Tischendorf’s Greek A, pp. 164–85; and Greek B [chs. 17–27 only], pp. 17–27).

Hone, William. The Apocryphal New Testament. 4th ed. 1820. Repr., Philadelphia, Gebbie & Co., 1890 (pp. 63–91).

James, Montague Rhodes. The Apocryphal New Testament: Being the Apocryphal Gospels, Acts, Epistles, and Apocalypses. Oxford: Clarendon, 1924; corrected edition, 1953 (English translation of Tischendorf’s Greek A, pp. 94–115; synoptic translation of Descensus from Greek B, Latin A, and Latin B, pp. 115–46).

Scheidweiler, Felix. “The Gospel of Nicodemus / Acts of Pilate and Christ’s Descent into Hell.” Pages 501–36 in New Testament Apocrypha, Vol. 1, Gospels and Related Writings. Edited by Wilhelm Schneemelcher. Translated by R. McL. Wilson. Rev. ed. Louisville, KY: Westminster John Knox, 1991 (English trans. of Neutestamentliche Apokryphen in deutscher Übersetzung, Bd. 1. Evangelien und Verwandtes. Edited by Wilhelm Schneemelcher. 6th ed. Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck, 1990) (Greek A, excerpts of Greek B and Latin B).

Walker, A. Apocryphal Gospels, Acts and Revelations. Edinburgh: T. & T. Clark, 1873. Repr. as vol. 16 of The Ante-Nicene Christian Library. Edited by Alexander Roberts and James Donaldson. 24 vols. Edinburgh: T. & T. Clark, 1867–1883 (translations of Tischendorf’s Greek A; pp. 125–48; Greek B, 149–76; Latin A pp. 177–212; Descensus of Latin B, pp. 213–22).

Westcott, Arthur. The Gospel of Nicodemus and Kindred Documents. London: Heath, Cranton & Ouseley, Ltd., 1915 (pp. 63–118).

3.3.2 French

Amiot, François. La Bible apocryphe: Évangiles apocryphes. Paris: Fayard, 1952 (selection, pp. 145–56).

Gounelle, Rémi, and Zbigniew Izydorczyk. L’Évangile de Nicodème. Apocryphes 9. Turnhout: Brepols, 1997 (translation of Latin A based on edition by Kim, pp. 123–213).

Gounelle, Rémi. “L’Évangile de Nicodème.” Pages 252–97 in vol. 2 of Écrits apocryphes chrétiens. Edited by Pierre Geoltrain and Jean-Daniel Kaestli. Bibliothèque de la Pléiade 516. Paris: Gallimard, 2005 (a translation of Gounelle’s edition of Greek B).

Migne, Jacques-Paul. Dictionnaire des Apocryphes. 2 vols. 1856. Repr., Turnhout: Brepols, 1989 (vol. 1, cols. 1087–1138).

Quéré, F. Les Évangiles apocryphes. Points Inédits Sagesse 34. Paris: Seuil, 1983 (Greek A and the Descensus from Greek B, pp. 127–59).

3.3.3 German

Scheidweiler, Felix. “Nikodemusevangelium. Pilatusakten und Höllenfahrt Christi.” Pages 444–81 in Neutestamentliche Apokryphen in deutscher Übersetzung, Bd. 1. Evangelien und Verwandtes. Edited by Edgar Hennecke and Wilhelm Schneemelcher. Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck, 1959.

__________. “Nikodemusevangelium. Pilatusakten und Höllenfahrt Christi.” Pages 395–418 in Neutestamentliche Apokryphen in deutscher Übersetzung, Bd. 1. Evangelien und Verwandtes. Edited by Wilhelm Schneemelcher. 5th ed. Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck, 1987.

Schulthess, Friedrich. Christliche-Palästinische Fragmente aus der Omajjaden-Moschee zu Damaskus. Berlin: Weidmannsche Buchhandlung, 1905 (translation of fragments XX and XXI, p. 136).

Sedlácek, Jaroslav. “Neue Pilatusakten: Besprochen und Übersetzt.” Sitzungsberichte der Königlich Böhmischen Gesellschaft der Wissenschaften in Prag 11 (1908): 1–18 (German translation of Rahmani’s Syriac text, pp. 5–16).

Stülcken, A. “Pilatusakten.” Page 77 in Neutestamentlichen Apokryphen. Edited by Edgar Hennecke. 2d ed. Tübingen: J. C. B. Mohr, 1924.

__________. “Pilatusakten.” Pages 143–53 in Handbuch zu Neutestamentlichen apokryphen in deutscher Übersetzung. Edited by Edgar Hennecke. Tübingen: J. C. B. Mohr, 1904.

__________. “Pilatusakten.” Pages 74–75 in Neutestamentliche Apokryphen in deutscher Übersetzung. Edited by Edgar Hennecke. Tübingen: J. C. B. Mohr, 1904.

3.3.4 Italian

Erbetta, Mario. Gli apocrifi del Nuovo Testamento. 3 vols. Italy: Marietti, 1975–1981 (vol. 1.2, pp. 231–87).

Moraldi, Luigi. Apocrifi del Nuovo Testamento. 2 vols. Turin: Unione Tipografico-Editrice Torinese, 1971 (vol. 1, pp. 519–653).

Vandoni, Mariangela, and Tito Orlandi, eds. Vangelo di Nicodemo. 2 vols. Testi e documenti per lo Studio dell’antichità 15. Milan: Instituto Editoriale Cisalpino, 1966 (new edition of the Coptic Turin papyrus, vol. 1, pp. 11–38; Italian translation, vol. 2, pp. 7–33).

3.3.5 Spanish

De Santos Otero, Aurelio. Los Evangelios Apócrifos. Madrid: Biblioteca de Autores Christianos, 1956¹, 1979³ (Greek A with variants in Greek B of Acts; Greek and Latin B of Descent, pp. 396–471).

Bergua, Juan Bautista, and Edmundo González-Blanco, ed. and trans. Los Evangelios Apocrifos. 2 vols. Madrid: Ediciones Ibéricas, 2012 (vol. 2, pp. 237–304).

3.4 General Works

Bammel, E. “The Trial before Pilate.” Pages 415–51 in Jesus and the Politics of His Day. Edited by E. Bammel and C. F. D. Moule. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1984.

Baudoin, Anne-Catherine. “La femme de Pilate dans les Actes de Pilate, recension Grecque A (II, 1).” Apocrypha 21 (2010): 133–49.

Baudoin, Anne-Catherine, Rémi Gounelle, Justin Haynes, and Zbigniew Izydorczyk. “The Protean Evangelium Nicodemi.” Pages 21–31 in The Oldest Manuscript of the Acts of Pilate: A Collaborative Commentary on the Vienna Palimpsest. Edited by Anne-Catherine Baudoin and Zbigniew Izydorczyk. Proceedings of the International Summer Schools on Christian Apocryphal Literature 2. Strassbourg, 2019.

Baudoin, Anne-Catherine, and Zbigniew Izydorczyk, eds. The Oldest Manuscript of the Acts of Pilate: A Collaborative Commentary on the Vienna Palimpsest. Proceedings of the International Summer Schools on Christian Apocryphal Literature 2. Strassbourg, 2019.

Beggiato, P. “Un’ utilizzazione del Supporto intertestuale nella scelta tra varianti: Il perdono di Longino.” Pages 11–19 in Prassi intertestuale, a cura di Simonetta Bianchini. Rome: Bagatto Libri, 1996.

Bell, A. R. “The Harrowing of Hell: A Study of Its Reception and Artistic Interpretation in Early Medieval European Literature.” Ph.D. diss., University of Maryland, 1971.

Brunn, G. L. Disquisitio historico-critica de indole, aetate et iisu libri apocryphi, vulgo inscripti Evangelium Nicodemi. Berlin: n.p., 1794.

Bernstein, Alan E. The Formation of Hell: Death and Retribution in the Ancient and Early Christian Worlds. Ithica: Cornell University Press, 2019.

__________. Hell and Its Rivals: Death and Retribution Among Christians, Jews, and Muslims in the Early Middle Ages. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 2017.

Cabaniss, A. “The Harrowing of Hell, Psalm 24, and Pliny the Younger: A Note.” VC 7 (1953): 65–74.

Campbell, J. J. “To Hell and Back: Latin Tradition and Literary Use of the Descensus ad Inferos in Old English.” Viator 13 (1982): 107–58.

Cazzaniga, I. “Osservazioni critiche al testo del ‘prologo’ del Vangelo di Nicodemo.” Instituto Lombardo – Academia di scienze e lettere, classe lettere 102 (1968): 535–48.

Chabrol, C. “Remarques sur deux textes apocryphes (Actes de Pilate et Évangile de Pierre).” Pages 66–73 in Le Récit évangeliqué. Edited by C. Chabrol and L. Marin. Bibliothèque de sciences religieuses. Paris: Aubier, 1974.

Cutforth, S. “Delivering the Damned in Old English Homilies: An Additional Note.” Notes and Queries 238 (1993): 435–37.

Der Nersessian, S. “A Homily on the Raising of Lazarus and the Harrowing of Hell.” Pages 219–34 in Biblical and Patristic Studies in Memory of Robert Pierce Casey. Edited by J. N. Birdsall and R. W. Thomson. Freiburg i. Br.: Herder, 1963.

Der Nersessian, S. “An Armenian Version of the Homilies on the Harrowing of Hell.” Dumbarton Oaks Papers 8 (1954): 203–24.

Dobschütz, Ernst von. “Nicodemus, Gospel of.” Pages 544–46 in vol. 3 of A Dictionary of the Bible. Edited by J. Hastings. Edinburgh: T.&T. Clark, 1900.

__________. “Der Process Jesu nach den Acta Pilati.” Zeitschrift für die neutestamentliche Wissenschaft und die Kunde der älteren Kirche 3 (1902): 89–114.

Dooley, Ann. “The Gospel of Nicodemus in Ireland.” Pages 361–402 in The Medieval Gospel of Nicodemus: Texts, Intertexts, and Contexts in Western Europe. Edited by Zbigniew Izydorczyk. Tempe, AZ: Medieval and Renaissance Texts & Studies, 1997.

Dubois, Jean-Daniel. “Les Actes de Pilate au quatrième siecle.” Apocrypha 2 (1991): 85–98.

__________. “L’Affaire des étendards de Pilate dans le premier chapitre des Actes de Pilate.” Pages 351–58 in Papers Presented to the Tenth International Conference on Patristic Studies, Oxford 24–29 August 1987. Edited by E. A. Livingstone. Studia Patristica 19. Louvain: Peeters Press, 1989.

__________. “La Représentation de la Passion dans la liturgie du Vendredi Saint: les Actes de Pilate et la liturgie ancienne de Jérusalem.” Pages 77–89 in Liturgie et anthropologie. Conférences St-Serge, XXVIe semaine d’études liturgiques. Edited by A. M. Triacca and A. Pistoia. Rome: C. L. V.-Edizioni Liturgiche, 1990.

__________. “La Représentation de la Passion dans la liturgie du Vendredi Saint: les Actes de Pilate et la liturgie ancienne de Jérusalem.” Pages 77–89 in Liturgie et anthropologie. Conférences St-Serge, XXVIe semaine d’études liturgiques. Edited by A. M. Triacca and A. Pistoia. Rome: C. L. V.-Edizioni Liturgiche, 1990.

__________. “Sommos dans la version copte des Actes de Pilate (XVI,7).” Apocrypha 9 (1998): 291–300. 

Dubois, Jean-Daniel, and Gérard Roquet. “De la cohérence de la version copte des Actes de Pilate.” Pages 163–69 in Christianisme de origines. Mélanges en l’honneur du Professeur Paul-Hubert Poirier. Edited by Eric Crégheur, Julio Cesar Dias Chaves, and Steve Johnston. Judaïsme ancien et origines du christianisme. Turnhout: Brepols, 2018. 

__________. “Les singularités de la version Copte des Actes de Pilate.” Apocrypha 21 (2010): 57–71.

Ehrman, Bart. Heaven and Hell: A History of the Afterlife. New York: Simon & Schuster, 2020.

__________. Journeys to Heaven and Hell: Tours of the Afterlife in Early Christian Tradition. New Haven: Yale University Press. 2022.

Elliott, J. K. “Pilate Cycle.” Pages 128–41 in Early New Testament Apocrypha. Edited by J. Christopher Edwards. Ancient Literature for New Testament Studies 9. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 2022.

Firmegan, R. F. “The Gospel of Nicodemus and the Dream of the Rood 148b-156.” Neuphilologische Mitteilungen 84 (1983): 338–43.

Foster, F. A., ed. A Stanzaic Life of Christ. EETS OS, vol. 166. London: H. Milford, 1926 (poetic rendition drawn from the Golden Legend).

Frey, Jörg. “The Reception of the Gospel of John in the Gospel of Nicodemus/Acts of Pilate (Rec. Greek A).” Pages in 239–57 Faith at the Interface of Cultures: Law and Gospel, Johannine Communities, and Hebrews. Edited by Edwin K. Broadhead, Paul Foster, and Wolfgang Kraus. Biblische Zeitschrift Supplements 14. Leiden: Brill, 2024.

Gaidoz, Henri. “Le coq cuit qui chante.” Mélusine 6 (1892–1893): 25–27.

Gatti, A. Il processo di Gesu nei piu antichi apocrifi della Passione. Jerusalem, 1975.

Godden, M. The Making of “Piers Plowman.” London: Oxford University Press, 1990 (pp. 138–51).

Goguel, M. La Foi à la résurrection de Jésus dans le christianisme primitif. Étude d’histoire et de psychologie religieuses. Paris: E. Leroux, 1933 (pp. 385–88).

Gounelle, Rémi. “Acta Pilati grecs B (BHG 779u-w). Traditions textuelles.” Recherches Augustiniennes 26 (1992): 273–94.

__________. “La descente aux enfers et son fondement scripturaire dans le christianisme antique.” Pages 149–68 in Du Jésus des Écritures au Christ des théologiens. Les Pères de l’Église, lecteurs de la vie de Jésus. Edited by Régis Courtray, Régis Burnet, Jérôme Lagouanère, and Maguelone Renard. Cahiers de Biblia Patristica 24, Turnhout: Brepols, 2023.

__________. “Diffusion et réception des Actes de Pilate dans la littérature byzantine.” Pages 543–55 in Gnose et manichéisme: entre les oasis d’Égypte et la route de la soie: hommage à Jean-Daniel Dubois. Edited by Luciana Soares and Anna Van Den Kerschove. Histoire et prosopographie 13. Turnhout: Brepols, 2017.

__________. “Editing a Fluid and Unstable Text. The Example of the Acts of Pilate (or Gospel of Nicodemus).”Apocrypha 23 (2012): 81–97.

__________. “L’edition de la recension Grecque ancienne des Actes de Pilate: Perspectives méthodologiques.” Apocrypha 21 (2010): 31–47.

__________. “Entre Bible et mythologie gréco-romaine: la descente du Christ aux enfers dans les sermons XII et XIIA d’Eusèbe dit de Gaule.” Pages 163–83 in L’oiseau et le poisson: cohabitations religieuses dans les mondes grec et romain. Edited by Nicole Belayche and Jean-Daniel Dubois. Paris: Presses de l’université Paris-Sorbonne, 2011.

__________. “La figure de Nicodème dans l’évangile éponyme.” Rivista di Storia et Letteratura Religiosa 54 (2018): 551–62.

__________. “Genèse d’un personnage littéraire. Ponce Pilate dans la littérature apocryphe chrétienne.” Pages 29–40 in Ponce Pilate. Edited by Jean-Marc Vercruysse. Graphè, 22.  2013

__________. “Un nouvel évangile judéo-chrétien? les Actes de Pilate.” Pages 357–401 in The Apocryphal Gospels within the Context of Early Christian Theology. Edited by Jens Schröter. Bibliotheca Ephemeridum Theologicarum Lovaniensium 260. Leuven: Peeters, 2013.

__________. “Pourquoi, selon l’Évangile de Nicodème, le Christ est-il descendu aux Enfers?” Pages 67–84 in Le mystère apocryphe. Introduction à une littérature méconnue. Edited by J.-D. Kaestli and D. Marguerat. Essais bibliques 26. Essais bibliques 26. Geneva: Labor et Fides, 1995.

__________. “Les questions christologiques posées par la descente du Christ aux enfers, vues au prisme d’autres récits des six premiers siècles.” Pages 53–67 in Entre passion et résurrection, la descente du Christ aux enfers. Edited by Elie Ayroulet. Parole et Silence, 2017.

__________. “La Vie d’Adam et Ève et l’Evangile de Nicodème.” Pages 145–60 in La Vie d’Adam et Ève et les traditions adamiques. Edited by Frédéric Amsler. Editions du Zèbre, 2017.

Gounelle, Rémi, and Zbigniew Izydorczyk. “Thematic Bibliography of the Acts of Pilate.” Pages 419–532 in The Medieval Gospel of Nicodemus: Texts, Intertexts, and Contexts in Western Europe. Edited by Zbigniew Izydorczyk. Tempe, AZ: Medieval and Renaissance Texts & Studies, 1997.

Harris, J. Rendel. The Homeric Centones and the Acts of Pilate. London: C. J. Clay & Sons, 1898.

Haynes, Justin. “New Perspectives on the Evangelium Nicodemi Latin C. A Consideration of the Manuscripts on the Way to a Modern Critical Edition.” Apocrypha 21 (2010): 103–11.

Hoffmann, R.J. “Confluence in Early Christian and Gnostic Literature: The Descensus Christi ad Inferos (Acta Pilati, xvii–xxvii).” JSNT 10 (1981): 42–60.

Hoffmann, Werner J. “The Gospel of Nicodemus in Dutch and Low German Literatures of the Middle Ages.” Pages 337–60 in The Medieval Gospel of Nicodemus: Texts, Intertexts, and Contexts in Western Europe. Edited by Zbigniew Izydorczyk. Tempe, AZ: Medieval and Renaissance Texts & Studies, 1997.

__________. “The Gospel of Nicodemus in High German Literature of the Middle Ages.” Pages 287–336 in The Medieval Gospel of Nicodemus: Texts, Intertexts, and Contexts in Western Europe. Edited by Zbigniew Izydorczyk. Tempe, AZ: Medieval and Renaissance Texts & Studies, 1997.

Hopkins, Stephen C. E. Translating Hell: Vernacular Theology and Apocrypha in the Medieval North Sea. Manchester: Manchester University Press, 2026.

Hulme, William Henry. The Harrowing of Hell and Gospel of Nicodemus. EETS ES 100. London: Paul, Trench, Trübner & Co., 1907.

Iannucci, Amilcare A. “The Gospel of Nicodemus in Medieval Italian Literature: A Preliminary Assessment.” Pages 165–206 in The Medieval Gospel of Nicodemus: Texts, Intertexts, and Contexts in Western Europe. Edited by Zbigniew Izydorczyk. Tempe, AZ: Medieval and Renaissance Texts & Studies, 1997.

Izquierdo, Josep. “The Gospel of Nicodemus in Medieval Catalan and Occitan Literatures.” Pages 133–65 in The Medieval Gospel of Nicodemus: Texts, Intertexts, and Contexts in Western Europe. Edited by Zbigniew Izydorczyk. Tempe, AZ: Medieval and Renaissance Texts & Studies, 1997.

Izydorczyk, Zbigniew. “The Earliest Printed Versions of the Evangelium Nicodemi and Their Manuscript Sources.” Apocrypha 21 (2010): 121–32.

__________. “The Evangelium Nicodemi in the Latin Middle Ages.” Pages 43–102 in The Medieval Gospel of Nicodemus: Texts, Intertexts, and Contexts in Western Europe. Edited by Zbigniew Izydorczyk. Tempe, AZ: Medieval and Renaissance Texts & Studies, 1997.

__________. “The Evangelium Nicodemi: in Medieval Religious Milieu.” Pages 37–42 in The Oldest Manuscript of the Acts of Pilate: A Collaborative Commentary on the Vienna Palimpsest. Edited by Anne-Catherine Baudoin and Zbigniew Izydorczyk. Proceedings of the International Summer Schools on Christian Apocryphal Literature 2. Strasbourg, 2019.

__________. “Introduction.” Pages 1–20 in The Medieval Gospel of Nicodemus: Texts, Intertexts, and Contexts in Western Europe. Edited by Zbigniew Izydorczyk. Tempe, AZ: Medieval and Renaissance Texts & Studies, 1997.

__________. “The Legend of the Harrowing of Hell in Middle English Literature.” Ph.D. diss., University of Toronto, 1985.

__________, ed. The Medieval Gospel of Nicodemus: Texts, Intertexts, and Contexts in Western Europe. Tempe, AZ: Medieval and Renaissance Texts & Studies, 1997.

__________. “A New Edition of the Evangelium Nicodemi: Some Working Assumptions.” Pages 33–36 in The Oldest Manuscript of the Acts of Pilate: A Collaborative Commentary on the Vienna Palimpsest. Edited by Anne-Catherine Baudoin and Zbigniew Izydorczyk. Proceedings of the International Summer Schools on Christian Apocryphal Literature 2. Strasbourg, 2019.

__________. “Reviewed in Translation: Vernacular Legacies of the Evangelium Nicodemi.” Pages 43–50 in The Oldest Manuscript of the Acts of Pilate: A Collaborative Commentary on the Vienna Palimpsest. Edited by Anne-Catherine Baudoin and Zbigniew Izydorczyk. Proceedings of the International Summer Schools on Christian Apocryphal Literature 2. Strasbourg, 2019.

__________. “The Strasbourg Manuscript of the Evangelium Nicodemi.” Pages 51–80 in The Oldest Manuscript of the Acts of Pilate: A Collaborative Commentary on the Vienna Palimpsest. Edited by Anne-Catherine Baudoin and Zbigniew Izydorczyk. Proceedings of the International Summer Schools on Christian Apocryphal Literature 2. Strasbourg, 2019.

———. “The Unfamiliar Evangelium Nicodemi.” Manuscripta 33 (1989): 169-91.

Izydorczyk, Zbigniew, and Jean-Daniel Dubois. “Nicodemus’ Gospel Before and Beyond the Medieval West.” Pages 21–42 in The Medieval Gospel of Nicodemus: Texts, Intertexts, and Contexts in Western Europe. Edited by Zbigniew Izydorczyk. Tempe, AZ: Medieval and Renaissance Texts & Studies, 1997.

Jeal, Roy R. “Emerging Christian Discourse: The Acts of Pilate as the Rhetorical Development of Devotion.” Apocrypha 21 (2010): 151–67.

Johnson, I. “Prologue and Practice: Middle English Lives of Christ.” Pages 69–85 in The Medieval Translator: The Theory and Practice of Translation in the Middle Ages. Edited by R. Ellis. Cambridge: D. S. Brewer, 1989 (on Stanzaic Life of Christ).

Jonge, M. de. Nicodemus and Jesus: Some Observations on Misunderstanding and Understanding in the Fourth Gospel. The Manson Memorial Lecture, 1971 (pp. 335–59).

Ker, N. R., introd. Facsimile of British Museum MS. Harley 2253. EETS OS, vol. 255. London: Oxford University Press, 1965 (Middle English Harrowing of Hell).

Klausner, David N. “The Gospel of Nicodemus in the Literature of Medieval Wales.” Pages 403–18 in The Medieval Gospel of Nicodemus: Texts, Intertexts, and Contexts in Western Europe. Edited by Zbigniew Izydorczyk. Tempe, AZ: Medieval and Renaissance Texts & Studies, 1997.

Krealing, C. H. “The Episode of the Roman Standards at Jerusalem.” HTR 35 (1942): 263–89.

Kroll, J. Gott und Halle. Der Mythos vom Descensuskampfe. Studien der Bibliothek Warburg 20. Leipzig-Berlin: B. G. Teubner 1932 (pp. 1–125).

Lafontaine, G. “La Version arménienne du sermon d’Eusèbe d’Alexandrie ‘Sur la venue de Jean aux Enfers.’” Mus 91 (1978): 87–104.

Lampe, G. W. H. “The Trial of Jesus in the Acta Pilati.” Pages 173–82 in Jesus and the Politics of His Day. Edited by E. Bammel and C. F. D. Moule. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1984.

Langland, William. Piers Plowman: An Edition of the C-Text. Edited by D. Pearsall. York Medieval Texts, 2d ser. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1978 (Passus 20 is influenced by Gos. Nic.).

———. Piers Plowman: The B Version. Edited by G. Kane and E. T. Donaldson. London: The Athlone Press, 1975 (Passus 18 is influenced by Gos. Nic.).

Le Goff, J. Naissance du purgatoire. Bibliothèque des histoires. Paris: Gallimard, 1981 (p. 68).

Lémonon, J.-P. Pilate et le gouvemement de la Judée. Textes et monuments. Études bibliques. Paris: J. Gabalda, 1981 (pp. 258–65).

———. “Ponce Pilate: Documents profanes, Nouveau Testament et traditions ecclésiales.” ANRW 2.26.1 (1992): 739–75.

Lipsius,  Richard A. Die Pilatus-akten kritisch Untersucht. Kiel: Schwers’sche Buchhandlung, 1871.

Love, Nicholas. Nicholas Love’s “Mirror of the Blessed Life of Jesus Christ.” Edited by M. G. Sargent. New York: Garland, 1992.

Lowe, Malcolm. “IOUDAIOI of the Apocrypha: A Fresh Approach to the Gospels of James, Pseudo-Thomas, Peter and Nicodemus.” NovT 23.1 (1981): 56–90. esp. pp. 86–90.

Luiselli Fadda, A. M., ed. “‘De Descensu Christi ad Inferos’: Una inedita omelia anglosassone.” Studi medievali 13 (1972): 989–1011 (based on Ps.-Augustinian, Sermo 160).

MacCulloch, J. A. The Harrowing of Hell. A Comparative Study of an Early Christian Doctrine. Edinburgh: T. & T. Clark, 1930.

Marx, C. W., ed. The Devils’ Parliament and the Harrowing of Hell and Destruction of Jerusalem. Middle English Texts 25. Heidelberg: C. Winter, 1993 (two poems influenced by Gos. Nic.).

__________. The Devil’s Rights and the Redemption in the Literature of Medieval England. Cambridge: D. S. Brewer, 1995.

__________. “The Gospel of Nicodemus in Old English and Middle English.” Pages 207–60 in The Medieval Gospel of Nicodemus: Texts, Intertexts, and Contexts in Western Europe. Edited by Zbigniew Izydorczyk. Tempe, AZ: Medieval and Renaissance Texts & Studies, 1997.

Maury, L. F. A. Croyances et légendes de l’Antiquité. Essais de critique appliquée à quelques points d’histoire et de mythologie. Paris: Didier, 1863 (pp. 289–351).

__________. “L’Évangile de Nicodème, de la date de cet ouvrage, et des circonstances auxquelles on peut en attribuer la rédaction.” Revue de philologie, de littérature et d’histoire ancienne 2.5 (1847): 428–49.

__________. “Nouvelles recherches sur l’époque à laquelle a été composé l’ouvrage connu sous le nom d’Évangile de Nicodeme.” Mémoires de la société des antiquaires de France 20 (1850): 341–92.

Messenger, R. E. “The Descent Theme in Medieval Latin Hymns.” Transactions and Proceedings of the American Philological Association 67 (1936): 126–47.

Miller, B. D. H. “The Early History of Bodleian MS. Digby 86.” Annuale mediaevale 4 (1963): 23–55.

Minois, G. Histoire des enfers. Paris: Fayard, 1991 (pp. 90–91).

Mommsen, T. “Die Pilatusakten.” Zeitschrift für die neutestamentliche Wissenschaft und die Kunde der älteren Kirche 3 (1902): 198–205.

Münter, F. “Probabilien zur Leidengeschichte aus dem Evangelium des Nicodemus.” Archiv für alte und neue Kirchengeschichte (Staudlin’s Archiv) 5 (1822): 317–45.

__________. Sandsynlige Tillaeg til Christi lidelses Historic of Nikodemi Evangelium. Wissenschaftliche Verhandlungen der seeländischen Conventes 2.3. Copenhagen, 1816.

O’Ceallaigh, G. C. “Dating the Commentaries of Nicodemus.” HTR 56 (1963): 21–58.

O’Gorman, Richard. “The Gospel of Nicodemus in the Vernacular Literature of Medieval France.” Pages 103–32 in The Medieval Gospel of Nicodemus: Texts, Intertexts, and Contexts in Western Europe. Edited by Zbigniew Izydorczyk. Tempe, AZ: Medieval and Renaissance Texts & Studies, 1997.

Pearsall, D., and I. C. Cunningham, intro. The Auchinleck Manuscript, National Library of Scotland Advocates’ MS. 19.2.1. London: The Scolar Press in association with The National Library of Scotland, 1977 (Middle English Harrowing of Hell).

Pérès, Jacques-Noël. “Les traditions éthiopiennes relatives à Pilate.” Apocrypha 21 (2010): 83–91.

Peter, H. “Pontius Pilatus, der Landpfleger in Judäia.” Neue Jahrbücher für das klassische Altertum, Geschichte und deutsche Literatur 19 (1907): 1–40.

Piankoff, A. “La Descente aux enfers dans les textes égyptiens et dans les apocryphes coptes.” Bulletin de la Société d’archeologie copte 7 (1941): 33–46.

Pickering, O. S. “The Temporale Narratives of the South English Legendary.” Anglia 91 (1973): 425–55.

Poirier, Paul-Hubert. “Gnostic Sources and the Prehistory of the Descensus ad Inferos.” Apocrypha 21 (2010): 73–81.

Pollard, A. W., ed. English Miracle Plays, Moralities and Interludes. 1890. 8th ed. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1927 (pp. 166–72).

Quinn, E. C The Quest of Seth for the Oil of Life. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1962.

Rose, A. “‘Attolite portas, prindpes, vestras . . .’ Aperçus sur la lecture chrétienne du Ps. 24 (23) B.” Pages 453–78 in vol. 1 of Miscellanea liturgica in onore di Sua Eminenza il cardinale Giacomo Lercaro, acivescovo di Bologna. Rome: Desdee, 1966.

Saint-Marc-Girardin. “L’Épopée chrétienne depuis les premiers temps jusqu’à Klopstock. Seconde partie.” Revue des Deux-Mondes, n.s., 15 (1849): 631–38.

Salter, E. Nicholas Love’s “Myrrour of the Blessed Lyf of Jesu Christ.” Analecta Cartusiana vol. 10. Salzburg: Institut für englische Sprache und Literatur, Universitat Sälzburg, 1974.

Sauer, W., ed. The Metrical Life of Christ. Middle English Texts 5. Heidelberg: C. Winter, 1977.

Sheerin, D. “St. John the Baptist in the Lower World.” VC 30 (1976): 1–22.

Simon, M. Hercule et le Christianisme. Publications de la Faculté des lettres de l’Université de Strasbourg. Paris: Belles Lettres, 1955 (pp. 112–14).

Simpson, J. “Piers Plowman”: An Introduction to the B-text. London: Longman, 1990 (pp. 208–16).

Speyer, W. Die literarische Fälschung im heidnischen und christlichen Altertum. Ein Versuch ihrer Deutung. Munich: C. H. Beck, 1971 (pp. 148, 242–46).

Tischendorf, C. von. Pilati circa Christum iudicio quid lucis afferatur ex Actis Pilati. Leipzig: A. D. Winter, 1855.

Turner, R. V. “‘Descendit ad Inferos’: Medieval Views on Christ’s Descent into Hell and the Salvation of the Ancient Just.” Journal of the History of Ideas 27 (1966): 173–94.

Variot, Jean. Les évangiles apocryphes: Histoire littéraire, forme primitive, transformations. Paris: Berche & Tralin, 1878 (pp. 93–107, 233–328).

Vitti, A. M. “Descensus Christi ad Inferos ex. I Pet. III, 19–20; IV, 6 et iuxta Apocrypha.” Verbum Domini 7. Rome, 1927 (pp. 138–44, 171–81).

Walker-Jones, Arthur. “‘Into Your Hands,’ O Scribes: Corrupted Hebrew in the Latin Evangelium Nicodemi.” Apocrypha 21 (2010): 169–76.

Waldron, R. A. “Langland’s Originality: The Christ-Knight and the Harrowing of Hell.” Pages 66–81 in Medieval English Religious and Ethical Literature: Essays in Honour of G. H. Russell. Edited by G. Kratzmann and J. Simpson. Cambridge: D. S. Brewer, 1986 (on Passus B 18 and C 20 of Piers Plowman).

Wallace, D. D., Jr. “Puritan and Anglican: The Interpretation of Christ’s Descent into Hell in Elizabethan Theology.” Archiv für Reformationsgeschichte 69 (1978): 248–87.

Wolf, K. “The Influence of the Evangelium Nicodemi on Norse Literature: A Survey.” Mediaeval Studies 55 (1993): 219–42.