Acts of Pilate/Gospel of Nicodemus

Gesta Pilati/Euangelium Nicodemi

Standard abbreviation: Acts Pil.; Gos. Nic.

Other titles: none

Clavis numbers: ECCA 309; CANT 62

VIAF: 181444369; 292435377; 262634350; 2283155044861572520005

Category: Pilate Cycle

Related literature: Book of the Rooster, Dream of Nero, Epistle of Pilate to Claudius, Healing of Tiberius, Hospitality of Dysmas

Status: unassigned

Citing this resource (using Chicago Manual of Style):

1. SUMMARY

Named historical figures and characters:

Geographical locations:

2. RESOURCES

2.1 Art and Iconography

The Lower Basilica of the Basilica of San Clemente (Rome) includes a ninth-century fresco depicting Christ standing upon Satan and drawing Adam by the hand out of the underworld (cf. Acts Pil. Rec. B, 22 and 24).

Fiesche Morgan Staurotheke. A ninth-century reliquary with an image of the Descent to Hell.

Holkham Bible Picture Book (London, British Library, Add. 47682; ca. 1327–1335): Described as “A biblical picture book with explanatory text of varying length, sometimes in rhyming couplets, in Anglo-Norman French, with some English.” One image relates to the Pilate Cycle: f. 34r, The Harrowing of Hell; St Joseph and Nicodemus imprisoned and rescued.

Mosaic of the Harrowing of Hell in the Chora Church, Istanbul (14th cent.)

Studies:

Bagatti, Bellarmino. “L’iconografia della Discesa agli Inferi del Signore.” La Terra Santa 52 (1977): 155–61.

__________. “L’iconografia dell’Anastasis o Discesa agli inferi.” Liber Annuus 32 (1982): 239–72.

Bauer, Margarete. “Die Ikonographie der Höllenfahrt Christi von ihren Anfängen bis zum 16. Jahrhundert.” Masch. Diss., Universität Göttingen, 1948.

Davidson, Clifford, and Thomas H. Seller, eds. The Iconography of Hell. Kalamazoo: Publications of the Medieval Institute of Western Michigan University, 1992.

Davis-Weyer, Caecilia. “Die ältesten Darstellungen der Hadesfahrt Christi, des Evangelium Nikodemi und ein Mosaik der ZenoKapelle.” Pages 183–94 in Roma e I’età carolingia. Atti delle giomate di studio 3-8 maggio 1976 a cura dello Instituto di storia dell’arte dell’Universita di Roma. Rome: Multigrafica Editrice, 1976.

Fuersternau, Adalberto di Erbach. “L’Evangelo di Nicodemo.” Archivio storico dell’arte 2 (1896): 225–37 (study of illuminated manuscript Madrid, Bibl. Nat. MS. Vitr. 23-8).

Haseloff, Arthur. Codex Purpureus Rossanensis. Die Miniaturen der griechischen Evangelien-Handschrift in Rossano nach photographischen Aufnahmen. Berlin and Leipzig: Giesecke & Devrient, 1898 (pp. 9–10).

Hudry, Marius. “Les Apocryphes dans l’iconographie des églises et chapelles savoyardes.” Apocrypha 2 (1991): 249–59.

Kartsonis, Anna D. ANASTASIS. The Making of an Image. Princeton: University Press, 1986.

Lucchesi Palli, E. “Höllenfahrt Christi.” Pages 322–32 in vol. 2 of Lexikon der christlichen Ikonographie. Edited by E. Kirschbaum. Rome: Herder, 1970.

Mâle, Émile. L’Art religieux du XIIIe siècle en France. 1898. 8th ed., Paris: A. Colin, 1948.

Millet, Gabriel. “Mosaïques de Daphni.” Monuments Piot 2 (1895): 204–14.

__________. Recherches sur l’iconographie de l’Évangile aux XIVe, XVe et XVIe siècles d’après les monuments de Mistra, de la Macédoine et du Mont-Athos. Bibliothèque des Écoles françaises d’Athènes et de Rome 109. Paris: Fontemoing et cie, 1916.

Monnier, J. La Descente aux enfers, étude de pensée religieuse, d’art et de littérature. Paris: Fischbacher, 1904.

Rushforth, G. McN. “The Descent into Hell in Byzantine Art.” Papers of the British School at Rome 2 (1902): 114–19.

Schulz, Hans-Joachim. “Die ‘Höllenfahrt’ als ‘Anastasis.’ Eine Untersuchung über Eigenart und dogmengeschichtliche Voraussetzungen byzantinischer Osterfrömmigkeit.” ZKT 81 (1959): 1–66.

Thierry, Nicole. “L’Illustration des apocryphes dans les églises de Cappadoce.” Apocrypha 2 (1991): 217–47 (pp. 226–28).

__________. “Le Thème de la descente du Christ aux enfers en Cappadoce.” Δελτιον της χριστιανικης αρχαιολογικης εταιρειας 4 (1993–1994): 59–66.

Vantini, Giovanni. “The Faras Golgotha and the Apocrypha.” Nubica 1–2 (1987–1988): 653–89.

Villette, Jeanne. La Résurrection du Christ dans l’art chrétien du IIe au VIIe siècle. Bibliotheque d’erudition artistique. Paris: H. Laurens, 1957 (pp. 89–106).

Weitzmann, Kurt. “The Selection of Texts for Cyclic Illustration in Byzantine Manuscripts.” Pages 69–109 in Byzantine Books and Bookmen. Washington, DC: Dumbarton Oaks, Center for Byzantine Studies, 1975.

Worthen, Thomas F. “The Harrowing of Hell in the Art of the Italian Renaissance.” 2 vols. Ph.D. diss.. University of Iowa, 1981.

2.2 In Medieval Drama

Beadle, R., ed. The York Plays. York Medieval Texts, 2d ser. London: E. Arnold, 1982 (plays 29, 30, 33, 36, 37, and 38).

Clark, Eleanor G. “The York Plays and the Gospel of Nichodemus.” PMLA 43 (1928): 153-61.

Craigie, W. A. “The Gospel of Nicodemus and the York Mystery Plays.” Pages 52–61 in An English Miscellany Presented to Dr. Furnivall in Honour of His Seventy-fifth Birthday. Oxford: Clarendon, 1901.

Frank, Grace. “On the Relation between the York and Towneley Plays.” PMLA 44 (1929): 313–19.

Lumiansky, R. M. “Comedy and Theme in the Chester Harrowing of Hell.” Tulane Studies in English 10 (1960): 5–12.

Lumiansky, R. M., and D. Mills, eds. The Chester Mystery Cycle. 2 vols. EETS SS, vols. 3 and 9. Oxford University Press, 1974–1986 (play based on Stanzaic Life of Christ and Gos. Nic.).

Marx, C. W. “The Problem of the Doctrine of the Redemption in the ME Mystery Plays and the Cornish Ordinalia.” Medium AEvum 54 (1985): 20–32.

Meredith, P., ed. The Passion Play from the N. Town Manuscript. London: Longman, 1990.

Reiss, E. “The Tradition of Moses in the Underworld and the York Plays of the Transfiguration and Harrowing.” Mediaevalia 5 (1979): 141–64.

Spector, S., ed. The N-Town Play: Cotton MS Vespasian D. 8. 2 vols. EETS SS, vol. 11. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1991.

Tamburr, Karl. “From Narrative to Drama: The Transformation of the Gospel of Nicodemus in Middle English.” Medieval Perspectives 16 (2001): 135–50.

__________. The Harrowing of Hell in Medieval England. Cambridge: D. S. Brewer, 2007.

Wilson, R. H. “The Stanzaic Life of Christ and the Chester Plays.” Studies in Philology 28 (1931): 413–32.

2.3 Web Sites and Other Online Resources

Alcock, Anthony. “Texts relating to the trial and crucifixion of Jesus.” academia.edu (English translation of Rahmani’s Syriac edition).

3. BIBLIOGRAPHY

3.1 Manuscripts and Editions

3.1.1 Armenian

3.1.1.1 First Translation

Paris, Bibliothéque nationale de France, arménien 178, fols. 402-410 (12th cent.) = Conybeare α

Paris, Bibliothèque nationale de France, arménien 110 (12th cent.) ~ revised according to another Greek model; =Conybeare β

Jerusalem, Library of the Armenian Patriarchate of Saint James, 1 (1417)

Venice, San Lazzaro, 104 (15th/16th cent.)

Yerevan, Matenadaran, 1524 (1401) ~ ch. 2:5 to end

Yerevan, Matenadaran 4803 (15th cent.)

Yerevan, Matenadaran, 1524 (1401) ~ ch. 2:5 to end

3.1.1.2 First Step of Revised Translation

Yerevan, Matenadaran, 4676 (14th cent.)

Yerevan, Matenadaran, 4871 (13th cent.)

3.1.1.3 Fully Revised Translation

Etchmiadzin, Library of the Armenian Patriarcate 68 ~ defective 2:4 to 11:1

Jerusalem, Library of the Armenian Patriarchate of Saint James, 9 (16th cent.)

Jerusalem, Library of the Armenian Patriarchate of Saint James, 154 (1737) ~ a copy of Jerusalem 1

Jerusalem, Library of the Armenian Patriarchate of Saint James, 173 (16th cent.)

Venice, San Lazzaro, 203 (13th/14th cent.)

Venice, San Lazzaro, 223 (15th cent.)

Venice, San Lazzaro, 227 (1846)

Yerevan, Matenadaran, 993 (1456)

Yerevan, Matenadaran, 992 (1651)

Yerevan, Matenadaran, 1521 (1404)

Yerevan, Matenadaran, 1524 ~ up to ch. 2:5

Yerevan, Matenadaran, 4670 (1401)

Yerevan, Matenadaran, 4774 (before 1425)

Yerevan, Matenadaran, 4822 (1491)

Conybeare, F.C. “Acta Pilati.” Pages 59–132 in Studia biblica et ecclesiastica. Vol. 4. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1896 (synopsis of Greek retrotranslation of α and a Latin translation of β, pp. 72–132).

Outtier, Bernard. “The Armenian and Georgian Versions of the Evangelium Nicodemi.” Apocrypha 21 (2010): 49–55 (manuscripts listed pp. 50–53).

Tayec‘i, Esayi. Ankanon girk‘ nor ktakaranac‘. (Uncanonical Books of the New Testament). Venice: Tparani S. Ġazarow, 1898 (edition based on Paris, BNF 178, Venice 104, 203, 223, and 227, pp. 313–58).

3.1.2 Church Slavic (190 manuscripts)

3.1.2.1 Long Redaction (Acts and Descensus, translated from Latin)

3.1.2.2 Short Version (Acts and Ep. Pil. Tib., translated from Greek)

L’viv, L’vivs’ka natsional’na naukova biblioteka Ukraïny im. V. Stefanyka, БА 56, fols. 654^r–675^v (1531)

Alban, J., trans. “Évangile de Nicodème.” Cahiers d’études cathares, 2d ser., 71 (1976): 34–47; 77 (1976): 19–34 (French translation of Vaillant’s Slavic text).

Danicic, G. “Dva apokrifna jevangjelja.” Starine 4 (1872): 130–54 (partial edition of Short Version, pp. 146–49).

Franko, I., ed. Apokryfy i lehendy z ukraïns’kykh rukopysiv. Pamiatnyky ukraïns’ko-rus’koï movy i literatury. Edited by S. Komarevs’kyi, vol. 2. Lvov: Naukove Tovarystvo im. Shevchenka, 1899 (Long Version, pp. 252–72, 293–304).

Grabar, B. “Über das Problem der längeren Fassung des Nikodemusevangeliums in der älteren slavischen Literatur.” Pages 201–206 in Byzance et les Slaves: Études de civilisation. Mélanges Ivan Dujcev. Paris: Association des amis des études archéologiques des mondes byzantino-slaves et du christianisme oriental, 1979 (on Glagolithic fragments).

Hanka, V., ed. “Ctenie Nikodemovo: co še dálo pri umucení Páne. Pavest krásná o drevu Kríze Svatého . . .” Abhandlungen der kön. böhmischen Gesellschaft der Wissenschaften 5 (1862): 227–56.

Iagich, I. “Kriticheskia zametki k slavianskomu perevodu dvukh apokrificheskikh skazanij.” Izvestiia Otdeleniia russkogo iazyka i slovesnosti Imperatorskoj Akademii Nauk (St. Petersburg) 3.3 (1898): 793–822 (Short Version).

Mares, F. W., ed. An Anthology of Church Slavonic Texts of Western (Czech) Origin. Slavische Propyläen Texte in Neu- und Nachdrucken 127. Munich: Fink, 1979 (excerpts from Long Version, pp. 31–40).

Minczew, Georgi, and Malgorzata Skowronek. “The Gospel of Nicodemus in the Slavic Manuscript Tradition: Initial Observations.” Apocrypha 17 (2006): 179–201.

Otero, Aurelio de Santos. Die handschriftliche Überlieferung der altslavischen Apokryphen. 2 vols. PTS 20 and 23. Berlin: De Gruyter, 1978–1981 (184 manuscripts listed, vol. 2 pp. 61–98).

Petkanova, D., ed. Stara bulgarska literatura. Vol. 1, Apocrifi. Sofia: Bulgarski pisatel, 1981 (Old Bulgarian, pp. 148–66; notes, pp. 375–77).

Polivka, G. “Evangelium Nicodemovo w literaturách slovanskych.” Casopis Musea královstvi ceského 64 (1890): 255–75, 535–78; 65 (1891): 94–100, 440–60.

Porfir’ev, I. Ia., ed. Apokrificheskiia skazaniia o novozavetnykh litsakh i sobytiiakh, po rukopisiam Solovetskoj biblioteki. Sbornik Otdeleniia russkogo iazyka i slovesnosti Imperatorskoj Akademii Nauk 52.4. St. Petersburg: Tipografiia Imperatorskoj Akademii Nauk, 1890 (discussion and edition of Short Version, pp. 21–36, 164–97).

Pypin, A. N., ed. Lozhnyia i otrechennyia knigi russkoj stariny. Pamiatniki starinnoj russkoj literatury izdavaemye graf om Grigoriem Kushelevym-Bezborodko, vol. 3, Slavistic Printings and Reprintings 97.2. 1862. Reprint, The Hague: Mouton, 1970 (Short Version, pp. 91–108).

Sobolevskij, A. I. “Slovamyj material izvlechennyj iz Nikodimova Evangelia po Sofijskomu spisku XIV veka.” Pages 81–91 in Materialy i issledovaniia v oblasti slavianskoj filologii i arkheologii. Sbornik Otdeleruia russkogo iazyka i slovesnosti Imperstorskoj Akademii Nauk 88. St. Petersburg: Tipografiia Imperatorskoj Akademii Nauk, 1910.

Speranskij, M. N., ed. “Slavianskiia apokrificheskiia evangeliia.” In Trudy vos’mogo arkheologicheskogo s’ezda v Moskve, 1890. Moscow: Tovarishchestvo tip. A. I. Mamotova, 1895 (Short Version, vol. 2, pp. 92–133, 144–55).

Stojanovic, L., ed. “Nekoliko rukopisa iz becke Carske Biblioteke.” Glasnik Srpskog ucenog društva (Belgrade) 63 (1885): 89–120 (Long Version).

Sviatski, D. Evangelie Nikodima pri tsvete zvezd. Istorico-astronomicheskii kommentarii. St. Petersburg, 1914.

Thomson, Francis J. Review of Aurelio de Santos Otero, Die handscriftliche Überlieferung der altslavischen Apokryphen, vol. 2. Slavonic and East European Review 63.1 [1985]: 73–98 at 79–83 (with corrections to de Santos Otero).

Torres Prieto, Susana. “The Acta Pilati in Slavonic.” Apocrypha 21 (2010): 93–102.

Vaillant, André. L’Évangile de Nicodème: Texte slave et texte latin. Hautes études orientales 2.1. Geneva: Droz, 1968 (editions of long ans short versions).

3.1.3 Coptic (CC 0035; PAThs entry)

T  Turin (Italy), Museo Egizio, inv. 63000 cod. II, fols. 1r–42v (7th/8th cent.) (=GIOV.AB; PAThs)

N  Newark, P. Newark Museum, acc. 75.98, pp. 71–72 (6th cent.)

P  CLM 1643 (10th/11th cent.) (PAThs):

pp. 27–28: Bibliothèque nationale de France, Copte 129¹⁷, fol. 50 ~ Gallica

pp. 31–32: Bibliothèque nationale de France, Copte 129¹⁸, fol. 140 ~ Gallica

Related Manuscripts:

Cairo, Coptic Museum, Munier 9228 ~ now identified as Ps.-Athanasius, De misericordia patris

Oxford, Bodleian Library, Copt. 27 (PAThs) ~ a homily incorporating the text

Barns, John W. B. “Bodleian Fragments of a Sa‘îdic version of the Acta Pilati.” Pages 245–50 in Coptic Studies in Honor of Walter Ewing Crum. Boston: Byzantine Institute, 1950.

Lacau, Pierre. Fragments d’apocryphes coptes. Mémoires publiés par les membres de l’Institut français d’archéologie orientale 9. Cairo: Imprimerie de l’IFAO, Paris: Firmin Didot, 1904 (editions and translations of CLM 1643, pp. 5–8; French translation, pp. 9–14).

Munier, Henri. Catalogue Général des Antiquités Égyptiennes du Musée du Caire, nos. 9201–9304. Manuscrits Coptes. Cairo: IFAO, 1916 (description and edition of Cairo 9228, pp. 19–21).

Revillout, Eugène. “Les Apocryphes coptes II: Acta Pilati.” Patrologia Orientalis 9 (1913): 59-127–39 (text and translation of the Turin papyrus, pp. 66–127; and CLM 1643, pp. 127–32).

Rossi, Franceso, ed. I papiri copti del Museo Egizio di Torino. 2 vols. Turin, 1887–1892 (Reprint of Trascrizione di un codice copto del Museo egizio di Torino con illustrazione e note. Memorie delta Reale accademia delle scienze di Torino ser. 2, 35. Turin: Stamperia reale, 1883; text of the Turin papyrus, pp. 10–83; translation, pp. 84–90; 6 plates).

Vandoni, Mariangela, and Tito Orlandi, eds. Vangelo di Nicodemo. 2 vols. Testi e documenti per lo Studio dell’antichità 15. Milan: Instituto Editoriale Cisalpino, 1966 (new edition of the Turin papyrus, vol. 1, pp. 11–38; Italian translation, vol. 2, pp. 7–33).

Zellman-Rohrer, Michael. “A New Coptic Witness to the Acts of Pilate (Gospel of Nicodemus).” JTS 69 (2018): 611–27 (text and translation, pp. 626–27; images, p. 625).

3.1.4 Georgian

3.1.4.1 Group 1

Mount Sinai, Monē tēs Hagias Aikaterinēs, Geo. 78 (1031)

3.1.4.2 Group 2 (ends at 13:3)

Kutaisi, State historical Museum, 38 (1579–1612)

Kutaisi, State historical Museum, 34 (17th cent.) ~ ends at 9: 4

Tbilisi, National Center of manuscripts, A-70 (13th cent.)

Tbilisi, National Center of manuscripts, A-674 (15th cent.)

Tbilisi, National Center of manuscripts, Q-39 (1560–1578)

Tsageri (location unknown today) (16th cent.) ~ edited by Khakhanov

3.1.4.3 Group 3 (complete text but revised against a Greek model)

Tbilisi, National Center of manuscripts, A-71 (18th cent.)

Tbilisi, National Center of manuscripts, H-354 (1802)

Dzavachišvili, I. A. Sinis mt’is k’art’ul helnacert’a agceriloba. Tbilisi: Academy of Sciences, 1947 (text from Sinai Geo. 78).

Khakhanov, A., ed. “Evangelie Nikodima.” Drevnosti vostochnyia: Trudy Vostochnoj kommissii Imperatorskogo moskovskogo arkheologicheskogo obshchestva (Moscow) 3 (1907): 1–20 (text from lost Tsageri manuscript with Russian translation and commentary).

K‘urc‘ikiże, C‘iala. Nik’odimosis apok’rip’uli c’ignis k’art’uli versia. Tbilisi: Mecniereba, 1985 (edition based on 9 manuscripts).

Outtier, Bernard. “The Armenian and Georgian Versions of the Evangelium Nicodemi.” Apocrypha 21 (2010): 49–55 (manuscripts listed pp. 53–55).

3.1.5 Greek

3.1.5.1 Recension A (BHG 779t; sigla based on Furrer 2010)

3.1.5.1.1 Family φ

C  Paris, Bibliothèque nationale de France, gr. 770, fols. 7^r–20^v (1315)

F Milan, Biblioteca Ambrosiana, C 92 sup. (Martini-Bassi 192), fols. 318^v–327^r (14th cent.)

G  Milan, Biblioteca Ambrosiana, A 56 sup. (Martini-Bassi 4), fols. 134^r–160^r (16th cent.) ~ Pinakes

H  London, British Library, Harley 5639, fols. 124^r–131^v (14th and 16th cent.) ~ Pinakes; London

K  London, British Library, Harley 5636, fols. 1^r–25^v (16th cent.)

X  Meteōra, Monē Rousanou, Hagia Trias 14 (Rousanou 12), fols. 1^r–10^v (15th/16th cent.) ~ Pinakes

Y  Meteōra, Monē Rousanou, Hagia Trias 90, fols. 86^r–101^v (16th cent.) ~ Pinakes

Z  Rome, Biblioteca Nazionale Centrale Vittorio Emanuele II, Gr. 20, fols. 91^v–109^v (15th cent.)

3.1.5.1.1 Family χ

A  Munich, Bayerische Staatsbibliothek, gr. 192, fols. 305^r–314^v (14th cent.) ~ Pinakes; Munich

M  Mount Athos, Monē Megistēs Lauras, K 81, fols. 47^v–56^v (1368) ~ Pinakes

O  Athens, Ethnikē Bibliothēkē tēs Ellados, 2187, fols. 193^r–204^v (15th cent.) ~ Pinakes

Q  Mount Athos, Monē Docheiariou, 114, fols. 264^r–275^v (16th cent.) ~ Pinakes

W  Mount Athos, Monē Batopediou, 776, fols. 110^r–125^v (18th cent.) ~ Pinakes; Athos

3.1.5.1.3 Unclassable

B  Munich, Bayerische Staatsbibliothek, gr. 276, fols. 200^r–221^v (12th cent.) ~ Pinakes; Munich

E  Paris, Bibliothèque nationale de France, gr. 929, pp. 29–30, 15–28, 31–34, 1–14 (15th cent.)

I  Munich, Bayerische Staatsbibliothek, gr. 524, fols. 113^r–122^r (14th cent.) ~ Pinakes; Munich

J  Andros, Monē Zōodochou Pēgēs ē Agias, 46, fols. 301^v–311^v (15th cent.) ~ Pinakes

N  Mount Athos, Monē Megistēs Lauras, Λ 117, fols. 322^r–337^r (16th cent.) ~ Pinakes

Alvarez-Campos, Sergio. Corpus Marianum patristicum. Vol. 4, pt. 2. Burgos: Aldecoa, 1979 (portions of Tischendorf’s Greek A text, pp. 531–33).

Ehrman, Bart D. and Zlatko Pleše, The Apocryphal Gospels: Texts and Translations. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press, 2011 (Tischendorf’s Greek A text with parallel English translation, pp. 419–63).

Furrer, Christiane. “La recension Grecque ancienne des Acts de Pilate.” Apocrypha 21 (2010): 11–30 (description and study of the Greek A manuscripts).

Giles, J. A. Codex Apocryphus Novi Testamenti: The Uncanonical Gospels and Other Writings. London: D. Nutt, 1852 (reproduction of text from Thilo, pp. 150–219).

Huidekoper, Frederic, ed. Acts of Pilate, from a Transcript of the Codex Designated by Thilo as Paris D. Cambridge: J. Wilson and Son, 1887 (text based on Paris BNF gr. 808).

Lake, Kirsopp. “Texts from Mount Athos.” Studia Biblica et Ecclesiastica 5 (1902): 152–63 (Greek text of Lauras, Λ 117).

Thilo, Ioannis Caroli. Codex apocryphus Noui Testamenti. Vol. 1. Leipzig: Vogel, 1832 (Greek and Latin texts, pp. 487–802).

Tischendorf, Constantin von. Evangelia Apocrypha. Leipzig: Mendelssohn, 1853; 2nd ed. 1876 (edition of Greek A based on manuscripts ABCEFGK and NarD, pp. 210–86).

3.1.5.1.4 Narratio Iosephi rescripta (BHG779tb; includes Greek A chs. 1–2 and 5–8)

NarS  Athens, Ethnikē bibliothēkē tēs hellados, 352, fols. 150^v–172^v (17th cent.) ~ Pinakes

NarU  Istanbul, Patriarchikē bibliothēkē, Theologikē scholē, gr. 100 (92), fols. 202^r–222^v (16th cent.) ~ Pinakes

NarT  Jerusalem, Patriarchikē bibliothēkē, Hagiou Saba, 422, fols. 3–10 (16th cent.) ~ Pinakes

NarR  Paris, Bibliothèque nationale de France, gr. 947 (olim 1574), fols. 115^v–133^r (1574)

NarD  Paris, Bibliothèque nationale de France, gr. 1021, fols. 347^r–367^r (15th/16th cent.) = D in Tischendorf’s edition of Greek A

3.1.5.1.4 Extracts in Germanus of Constantinople, Hist. eccl.

germM  Munich, Bayerische Staatsbibliothek, gr. 131, fol. 50 (16th cent.) ~ Pinakes; Munich

germP  Paris, Bibliothèque nationale de France, Coislin 296, fols. 62-67 (12th cent.) ~ Pinakes; Gallica

germV  Vatican, Biblioteca Apostolic Vaticana, Barb. gr. 522, fol. 50 (13th cent.) ~ Pinakes; BAV

3.1.5.2 Recension B (BHG 779u; BHG 779v; BHG 779w) ~ translated from Latin A and extant in 31 manuscripts; sigla from Gounelle 2008

3.1.5.2.1 Family M1 (779t)

A  Venice, Biblioteca Nazionale Marciana, gr. II, 151, fols. 297v-317v ~ Tischendorf A; Pinakes

Cv  Vatican, Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana, Pal. gr. 269, fols. 145r-149r (15th cent.) ~ Pinakes; BAV

F  Ann Arbor, University of Michigan Library, gr. 58, fols. 1-40 (14th cent.) ~ Pinakes

Ob  Oxford, Bodleian Library, Holkham gr. 9 (olim 93), fols. 134r-140v (16th cent.) ~ Pinakes; Oxford

S  Mount Sinai, Monē tēs Hagias Aikaterinēs, gr. 530, fols. 114r-138v (15th/16th cent.) ~ Pinakes; LOC

T  Vatican, Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana, Ott. gr. 411, fols. 134r-150v (1445)

Z  Jerusalem, Patriarchikē bibliothēkē, Hagiou Saba, 429, fols. 62r–82v (16th/17th cent.) ~ Pinakes

3.1.5.2.2 Family M2 (779uv)

At  Athens, Ethnikē Bibliothēkē tēs Ellados, 2319, fol. 2r (15th cent.) ~ 779v; Pinakes

B  Paris, Bibliothèque nationale de France, gr. 808 (olim Regius 2342²), fols. 261^r–279v (16th cent.)

E  Vatican, Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana, Vat. gr. 1774, fols. 326-42 (1472/1473) ~ Pinakes; BAV

J  Jerusalem, Patriarchikē bibliothēkē, Panagiou Taphou, 280, fols. 119r–130r (16th cent.) ~ Pinakes

K  Mount Sinai, Monē tēs Hagias Aikaterinēs, gr. 1877 (Kamil 788), fols. 444v-453v (1784) ~ Pinakes

N  Venice, Biblioteca Nazionale Marciana, gr. VII, 38 (coll. 1385), fols. 384v-392v (16th cent.) ~ 779uv; Pinakes

Q  Venice, Biblioteca Nazionale Marciana, gr. VII, 41 (coll. 1468), fols. 262r-272v (16th cent.) ~ 779uv; Pinakes

R  Mount Sinai, Monē tēs Hagias Aikaterinēs, gr. 521, fols. 217v-224r (14th/15th cent.) ~ Pinakes; LOC

Si  Mount Sinai, Monē tēs Hagias Aikaterinēs, gr. 1988 (Kamil 1694), fols. 27r-42v (17th/18th cent.) ~ Pinakes

U  Mount Sinai, Monē tēs Hagias Aikaterinēs, gr. 1697 (Kamil 503), fols. 201^r–224^r (17th cent.)

Tb  Vatican, Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana, Ott. gr. 411, fols. 151r-153v (1445)

Not included in Gounelle’s list:

Meteroa, Monē Barlaam, 144, fols. 317v-322 (16th cent.) ~ 779v; Pinakes

Meteroa, Monē Barlaam, 156, fols. 71v-83r (1619/1620) ~ 779v; Pinakes

Sofia, C’rkovno-istoričeski i archiven Institut, 881, fols. 72^v–78^v (17th cent.)

3.1.5.2.3 Family M3 (779w)

C  Venice, Biblioteca Nazionale Marciana, gr. II, 87 (coll. 1258; olim Nanianus CIX), fols. 226r-254v (16th cent.) ~ Pinakes

D  Oxford, Bodleian Library, Holkham gr. 24 (olim 90), fols. 259-286v (15th cent.) ~ Pinakes; Oxford

E  Mount Athos, Monē Ibērōn, 692 (Lambros 4812), fols. 82r-113r, 113r-114v (16th cent.) ~ Pinakes

L  Mount Athos, Monē Megistēs Lauras, H 31 (Eustratiades 686), fols. 56-107r (18th/19th cent.) ~ Pinakes

M  Venice, Biblioteca Nazionale Marciana, gr. II, 97 (coll. 1131), fols. 281r-288v (16th cent.) ~ 779uv; Pinakes

O  Oxford, Bodleian Library, Holkham gr. 9 (olim 93), fols. 66-105 (16th cent.) ~ Pinakes; Oxford

P  Paris, Bibliothèque nationale de France, suppl. gr. 1169, fols. 1^v–39^r (1685)

X  Mount Athos, Monē Hagiou Pantelēmonos, 742 (Lambros 6249), fols. 1r-27r (19th cent.) ~ Pinakes

Y  Mount Athos, Monē Hagiou Pantelēmonos, 744 (Lambros 6251), fols. 81r-102r (19th cent.) ~ Pinakes

St. Petersburg, Rossijskaâ Akademiâ Nauk. Biblioteka, RAIK 166, fols. 9–29 (ca. 1760–1770) ~ Pinakes

3.1.5.2.4 Family M4

A  Mount Athos, Monē Hagiou Panteleēmonos, 279 (Lambros 5786), fols. 109r-112v (1879) ~ Pinakes

B  Mount Athos, Monē Panteleēmonos, 281 (Lambros 5788), fols. 119r-124v (19th cent.) ~ Pinakes

C  Mount Athos, Monē Batopediou, 814, fols. 47r-51v (1860) ~ Pinakes; Athos

D  Mount Athos, Monē Grēgoriou, 42 (Lambros 589), fols. 14r-16v (19th cent.) ~ Pinakes; Athos

Ehrman, Bart D. and Zlatko Pleše, The Apocryphal Gospels: Texts and Translations. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press, 2011 (Tischendorf’s Greek B [chs. 13–27 only], pp. 465–89).

Gounelle, Rémi. Les recensions byzantines de l’evangile de Nicodeme. CCSA Instrumenta 3. Turnhout: Brepols, 2008 (synoptic editions of M1, M2, and M3, pp. 173–321).

Tischendorf, Constantin von. Evangelia Apocrypha. Leipzig: Mendelssohn, 1853; 2nd ed. 1876 (edition of Greek B, pp. 287–332).

3.1.6 Latin

Vienna, Österreichische Nationalbibliothek, Cod. 563, undertext fols. 123, 125, 126, 128, 130, 131, 133, 134, 136–140, 143, 144, 146–154, 161–170, 173, 174, 177 (5th cent.) = Izydorczyk, Census no. 393

Baudoin, Anne-Catherine, and Zbigniew Izydorczyk. “A Collaborative Commentary on the Vienna Palimpsest.” Pages 83–165 in The Oldest Manuscript of the Acts of Pilate: A Collaborative Commentary on the Vienna Palimpsest. Edited by Anne-Catherine Baudoin and Zbigniew Izydorczyk. Proceedings of the International Summer Schools on Christian Apocryphal Literature 2. Strassbourg, 2019 (Philippart’s edition with commentary).

Philippart, Guy. “Les fragments palimpsestes de l’Évangile de Nicodème dans le Vindobonensis 563 (Ve siècle?).” AnBoll 107 (1989): 171–88.

3.1.6.1 Latin A (BHL 4151p; begins with second prologue)

Alençon, Bibliothèque municipale, 17, fols. 163^r–175^v (13th cent.) = Izydorczyk, Census no. 4

Berkeley, University of California, Bancroft Library, UCB 020, fols. 21^r–56^r (12th cent.) = Izydorczyk, Census no. 15

Berlin, Staatsbibliothek Preussischer Kulturbesitz, MS Theol. lat. qu. 369, fols. 64r–65v (13th cent.) = Izydorczyk, Census no. 22

Cambridge, Corpus Christi College, 385, pp. 223–39 (13/14th cent.) = Izydorczyk, Census no. 45

Cambridge, Corpus Christi College, 441, pp. 393–414 (13/14th cent.) = Izydorczyk, Census no. 46

Cambridge, Corpus Christi College, 500, fols. 110^r–116^v (14/15th cent.) = Izydorczyk, Census no. 47

Cambridge (Mass.), Harvard Houghton Library, Lat. 117, fols. 1^r–22^r (1350–1400) = Izydorczyk, Census no. 62

Dijon, Bibliothèque municipale, 50, fols. 119^r–24^r (12th cent.) ~ truncated at end; = Izydorczyk, Census no. 66

Einsiedeln, Stiftsbibliothek, 250 (382), pp. 375–412 (ca. 1150) = Izydorczyk, Census no. 74

Gdańsk, Biblioteka Polskiej Akademii Nauk, MS 1956, fols. 85r-91r (15th cent.) = Izydorczyk, Census no. 85

Genève-Cologny, Bibliothèque Bodmer, MS Bodmer 127, fols. 2^r–10^r (12th cent.) = Izydorczyk, Census no. 89

Karlsruhe, Badische Landesbibliothek, Aug. 63, fols. 31^r–40^r (1385) = Izydorczyk, Census no. 111

London, British Library, Arundel 404, fols. 19^r–28^r (14th cent.) = Izydorczyk, Census no. 148

London, British Library, Royal 1 E. IX, fols. 282^r–286^r (15th cent.) = Izydorczyk, Census no. 157

Madrid, Biblioteca nacional, 9783, fols. 87^v–98^r (13–15th cent.) = Izydorczyk, Census no. 172

Madrid, Biblioteca Nacional, MS Vitr. 23-8, fols. 162r–202r (13th/14th cent.) = Izydorczyk, Census no. 173; IMAGES

Munich, Bayerische Staatsbibliothek, Clm 11403, fols. 62v–70r (1458–1460) = Izydorczyk, Census no. 190

Munich, Bayerische Staatsbibliothek, Clm 19105, fols. 51^v–95^v (7th/8th cent.) = Izydorczyk, Census no. 199

Munich, Bayerische Staatsbibliothek, Clm 22353, fols. 86r-94v (1452) = Izydorczyk, Census no. 202

Munich, Bayerische Staatsbibliothek, Clm 28168, fols. 166r-174v (13th/14th cent.) = Izydorczyk, Census no. 206

Paris, Bibliothèque nationale de France, lat. 5327, fols. 35^v–55^r (10th cent.) = Izydorczyk, Census no. 268

Strasbourg, Bibliothèque nationale et universitaire, 190 (Latin 187), fols. 1^r–34^v (16th cent.) = Izydorczyk, Census no. 349; images in Izydorczyk, “The Strasbourg Manuscript,” 54–80

Saint-Omer, Bibliothèque Municipale, MS 202, fols. 1^r–13^r (9th cent.) = Izydorczyk, Census no. 334

Trier, Stadtbibliotek, 550/1538, fols. 59^r–79^v (14th cent.) = Izydorczyk, Census no. 359

Trier, Stadtbibliotek, 615/1558, fols. 77^r–87^r (15th cent.) = Izydorczyk, Census no. 361

Vatican, Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana, Reg. lat. 648, fols. 27^v–44^r (12th/13th cent.) = Izydorczyk, Census no. 377

3.1.6.2 Latin B (BHL 4151q, 4151r, 4151ra; includes the first prologue)

Cambridge, Corpus Christi College, 288, fols. 38^r–54^v (12/13th cent.) = Izydorczyk, Census no. 44

Vatican, Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana, Vat. lat. 4578, fols. 35^r–37^v (14th cent.) = Izydorczyk, Census no. 382

3.1.6.3 Latin C (BHL 4151s; sigla based on Haynes 2010)

B12  Barcelona, Archivo de la Corona de Aragon, cod. Ripoll 106, fols. 246^r–253^v (9th cent.) = Izydorczyk, Census no. 12

L141  Lisbon, Biblioteca nacional, MS Alcobaça CCLXXXV/419, fols. 175^v–188^r (12th cent.) = Izydorczyk, Census no. 144

M177  Milan, Biblioteca Ambrosiana, O 35 Sup, fols. 65^r–86^r (14th cent.) = Izydorczyk, Census no. 177

P257  Paris, Bibliothèque nationale de France, lat. 3214, fols. 132^v–139^v (14th cent.) = Izydorczyk, Census no. 257

P264  Paris, Bibliothèque nationale de France, lat. 4977, fols. 227^r–232^v (14th cent.) = Izydorczyk, Census no. 264

P262  Paris, Bibliothèque nationale de France, lat. 3628, fols. 109^r–122^v (14th cent.) = Izydorczyk, Census no. 262

P291  Paris, Bibliothèque nationale de France, Nouv. acq. lat. 2171, fols. 1^r–12^v (11th cent.) = Izydorczyk, Census no. 291

3.1.6.4 Latin D (BHL 4151sa)

Birch, Andreas, ed. Auctarium codicis Apocryphi Novi Testamenti Fabriciani. Havniae: Arntzen & Hartier, 1804 (Latin A and editio princeps of Greek, vol. 1, pp. 1–104).

Fabricius, Johann Albert. Codex Apocryphus Novi Testamenti. 2 vols. Hamburg: Schiller, 1703 (Latin text, vol. 1, pp. 238–98; introduction, pp. 231–37).

Kim, H. C. The Gospel of Nicodemus. Gesta Salvatoris. Toronto Medieval Latin Texts 2. Toronto: Pontifical Institute of Mediaeval Studies, 1973 (edition of Latin A from Einsiedeln 326 with readings from Bodleian Laud. misc 79).

Izydorczyk, Zbigniew. Manuscripts of the Evangelium Nicodemi: A Census. Toronto: Pontifical Institute of Mediaeval Studies, 1993.

Jones, Jeremiah. A New and Full Method of Settling the Canonical Authority of the New Testament. 3 vols. 1726. Repr., Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1827 (Latin text and English translation, vol. 2, pp. 322–40).

Tischendorf, Constantin von. Evangelia Apocrypha. Leipzig: Mendelssohn, 1853; 2nd ed. 1876 (edition of Latin A, pp. 333–416; Latin B Descensus, pp. 417–32).

3.1.7 Middle Irish

Dublin, Royal Irish Academy, 23 P 16 (the Leabhar Breac), pp. 160b–168b, 170a–172b (1408–1411)

Dublin, Royal Irish Academy, 23 O 48 a-b (476) (the Liber Flavus Fergusiorum), II, fols. 26^r–32[42]^v (1435–1440)

Atkinson, Robert, ed. and trans. The Passions and the Homilies from Leabhar Breac. Dublin: Royal Irish Academy, 1887 (text, pp. 113–34, 143–51; English translation, pp. 359–71, 392–400).

Herbert, M., and M. McNamara, trans. Irish Biblical Apocrypha: Selected Texts in Translation. Edinburgh: T & T Clark, 1989 (pp.  60–88).

Hughes, I., ed. Stair Nicoméid: The Irish Gospel of Nicodemus. Irish Texts Society 55. London: Irish Text Society, 1991.

3.1.8 Middle Welsh

Aberystywth, National Library of Wales, Peniarth 5, fols. 30^r–36^v (ca. 1350)

Williams, J. E. Caerwyn, ed. “Efengyl Nicodemus.” Bulletin of the Board of Celtic Studies 14 (1952): 257–73 (Version A from Peniath 5).

Williams, J. E. Caerwyn. “Efengyl Nicodemus yn Gymraeg.” Bulletin of the Board of Celtic Studies 14 (1952): 108–12.

3.1.9 Norse

Brøndum-Nielsen, J., ed. Et gammeldansk Digt om Christi Opstandelse efter Fragment Stockh. A 115 (c. 1325). Det Kongelige Danske Videnskabernes Selskab, Historisk-filologiske Meddelelser 35.1. Copenhagen: Munksgaard, 1955 (Old Danish verse).

Collijn, I. “Nyfunna fragment af fomsvenska handskrifter bland räkenskapsomslagen i Kammararkivet.” Samlaren 34 (1913): 275–93 (Old Danish verse).

Finnur Jónsson, ed. AM 623, 4°; Helgensagaer. Samfund til udgivelse af gammel nordisk litteratur 52. Copenhagen: Jørgensen, 1927 (Old Norse-Icelandic Niorstigningarsaga from AM 623 4°, pp. 1–9).

Holtsmark, A., ed. A Book of Miracles: MS No. 645 4to of the Arna-Magnæan Collection in the University Library of Copenhagen. Corpus Codicum Islandicorum Medii Aevi 12. Copenhagen: Munksgaard, 1938 (facsimile of manuscript containing Old Norse-Icelandic Niorstigningarsaga).

Klemming, G. E., ed. “Nicodemi Evangelium, efter Oxenstjemska Codex.” Pages 377-419 in Klosterläsning. Edited by G. E. Klemming. Samlinger utgifna af svenska fomskrift-sällskapet 15. Stockholm: Norstedt & soner, 1877–1878 (Old Swedish prose).

__________, ed. Svenska medeltidens bibelarbeten. Vol. 2. Samlingar utgifna af svenska fomskrift-sällskapet 9. Stockholm: Norstedt & soner, 1848–1855 (Old Swedish prose, pp. 373–411).

Unger, C. R., ed. Heilagra manna søgur: Fortællinger og legender om hellige mænd og kvinder. Vol. 2. Oslo: Bentzen, 1877 (Old Norse-Icelandic Niorstigningarsaga, pp. 1-20; story of Pilate in Stephanus saga, pp. 287-309).

3.1.10 Old English

Cambridge, University Library, Ii.2.11, fols. 173^v–193^r (11th cent.) ~ English Manuscripts 1060–1220; follows the four New Testament Gospels

Cambridge, Corpus Christi College, 41, pp. 295–301 (11th cent.)    

London, British Library, Cotton MS Vitellius A XV, fols. 86^v–93^v (990s–12th cent.) ~ IMAGES

Hulme, William H. “The Old English Version of the Gospel of Nicodemus.” PMLA 13 (1898): 457–542.

3.1.11 Old French

London, British Library, Add. 10289, fols. 64^r–81^v (1275–1300)

3.1.12 Palestinian Aramaic (translated from Greek)

Damascus, National Museum, frags. XX and XXI (may be in the Islamic Museum, Istanbul) ~ images (38 and 39 but not identified correctly)

Mount Sinai, Monē tēs Hagias Aikaterinēs, NF MG 24, fol. 27 (9th/10th cent.; 6th/7th cent. undertext) ~ Sinai; portion of chs. 2:4–6

Brock, Sebastian. “A Fragment of the ‘Acta Pilati’ in Christian Palestinian Aramaic.” JTS n.s. 22 (1971): 157–58.

Schulthess, Friedrich. Christliche-Palästinische Fragmente aus der Omajjaden-Moschee zu Damaskus. Berlin: Weidmannsche buchhandlung, 1905 (fragments XX and XXI of underwriting, pp. 134–35).

3.1.13 Syriac (based on Greek A)

Cambridge (Mass.), Harvard Houghton Library, Syr. 99,  fols. 96^v–103^v (1899)

Charfeh, Syrian-Catholic Patriarchate, Fonds. Patr. 79, fols. 9^v–10^r (1901) ~ copied from an unnamed fourteenth-century manuscript from Mosul

Charfeh, Syrian-Catholic Patriarchate, Fonds. Patr. 87, fols. 87^r–93^r (1907) ~ copied from an unnamed eighth-century manuscript from Midyat

Edgbaston, University of Birmingham, Mingana Syr. 4, fols. 53^v–57^r (1895)

Mardin, Dayr al-Zaʿfarān, 203, fols. 82^v–88^r (20th cent.)

Midyat, Dayro d-Mor Gabriel, 21, pp. 81–88 (1971)

Midyat, Mar Barṣawmo Library, 16, pp. 142–153 (1972)

Mount Sinai, Monē tēs Hagias Aikaterinēs, syr. 82, fols. 1^r–12^v (12th cent.) + Edgbaston, University of Birmingham, Mingana Syr. 639, 2 unnumbered fols.

Vatican, Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana, Vat. sir. 596, fols. 85^v–90^r (1917)

Mingana, Alphonse. Catalogue of the Mingana Collection of Manuscripts Now in the Possession of the Trustees of the Woodbrooke Settlement, Selly Oak, Birmingham. 3 vols. Cambridge: W. Heffer & Sons, Ltd., 1933–1939 (full text of Mingana Syr. 639 given in vol. 3, pp. 79–84, with English translation, pp. 81–85).

Rahmani, Ignatius E., ed. Studia Syriaca, seu collectio documentorum hactenus ineditorum ex codicibus Syriacis: Apocryphi hypomnemata Domini Nostri, seu, Acta Pilati. 5 vols. Charfeh: Charfeh Patriarchal Seminary, 1908 (Syriac text based on Charfeh Fonds. Patr. 79 with variant readings from unidentified 8th-century manuscript from Midyat, of vol. 2:3–15, 22 [Syriac numbering]; Latin translation, vol. 2:11–28).

3.3 Concordances and Synopses

Funk, Robert. New Gospel Parallels, Vol. 2, John and the Other Gospels. 2 vols. Philadelphia: Fortress Press, 1985 (Greek A, pp. 288–346).

Vannutelli, Primo. Actorum Pilati textus synoptici. Rome: Apud Auctorem, 1938 (reprint of “Actorum Pilati textus synotici.” Synoptica [1936–1938]) (synopsis of Tischendorf’s Greek A and Greek B texts).

3.3 Modern Translations

3.3.1 English

Atkinson, Robert, ed. and trans. The Passions and the Homilies from Leabhar Breac. Dublin: Royal Irish Academy, 1887 (text, pp. 113–34, 143–51; English translation, pp. 359–71, 392–400).

Cowper, B. Harris. The Apocryphal Gospels and Other Documents Relating to the History of Christ. 4th ed. 1867. London: Frederic Norgate, 1874 (translations of Tischendorf’s Greek A; pp. 227–66; Greek B, 267–311; Latin A pp. 312–71; Descensus of Latin B, pp. 371–88).

Ehrman, Bart D. and Zlatko Pleše. The Apocryphal Gospels: Texts and Translations. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press, 2011 (Tischendorf’s Greek A text with parallel English translation, pp. 419–63; Greek B [chs. 13–27 only], pp. 465–89).

Elliott, J. K. The Apocryphal New Testament. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1993 (translation of Tischendorf’s Greek A, pp. 164–85; and Greek B [chs. 17–27 only], pp. 17–27).

Hone, William. The Apocryphal New Testament. 4th ed. 1820. Repr., Philadelphia, Gebbie & Co., 1890 (pp. 63–91).

James, Montague Rhodes. The Apocryphal New Testament: Being the Apocryphal Gospels, Acts, Epistles, and Apocalypses. Oxford: Clarendon, 1924; corrected edition, 1953 (English translation of Tischendorf’s Greek A, pp. 94–115; synoptic translation of Descensus from Greek B, Latin A, and Latin B, pp. 115–46).

Scheidweiler, Felix. “The Gospel of Nicodemus / Acts of Pilate and Christ’s Descent into Hell.” Pages 501–36 in New Testament Apocrypha, Vol. 1, Gospels and Related Writings. Edited by Wilhelm Schneemelcher. Translated by R. McL. Wilson. Rev. ed. Louisville, KY: Westminster John Knox, 1991 (English trans. of Neutestamentliche Apokryphen in deutscher Übersetzung, Bd. 1. Evangelien und Verwandtes. Edited by Wilhelm Schneemelcher. 6th ed. Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck, 1990) (Greek A, excerpts of Greek B and Latin B).

Walker, A. Apocryphal Gospels, Acts and Revelations. Edinburgh: T. & T. Clark, 1873. Repr. as vol. 16 of The Ante-Nicene Christian Library. Edited by Alexander Roberts and James Donaldson. 24 vols. Edinburgh: T. & T. Clark, 1867–1883 (translations of Tischendorf’s Greek A; pp. 125–48; Greek B, 149–76; Latin A pp. 177–212; Descensus of Latin B, pp. 213–22).

Westcott, Arthur. The Gospel of Nicodemus and Kindred Documents. London: Heath, Cranton & Ouseley, Ltd., 1915 (pp. 63–118).

3.3.2 French

Amiot, François. La Bible apocryphe: Évangiles apocryphes. Paris: Fayard, 1952 (selection, pp. 145–56).

Gounelle, Rémi, and Zbigniew Izydorczyk. L’Évangile de Nicodème. Apocryphes 9. Turnhout: Brepols, 1997 (translation of Latin A based on edition by Kim, pp. 123–213).

Gounelle, Rémi. “L’Évangile de Nicodème.” Pages 252–97 in vol. 2 of Écrits apocryphes chrétiens. Edited by Pierre Geoltrain and Jean-Daniel Kaestli. Bibliothèque de la Pléiade 516. Paris: Gallimard, 2005 (a translation of Gounelle’s edition of Greek B).

Migne, Jacques-Paul. Dictionnaire des Apocryphes. 2 vols. 1856. Repr., Turnhout: Brepols, 1989 (vol. 1, cols. 1087–1138).

Quéré, F. Les Évangiles apocryphes. Points Inédits Sagesse 34. Paris: Seuil, 1983 (Greek A and the Descensus from Greek B, pp. 127–59).

3.3.3 German

• Meyer, A. “Kindheitserzählung des Thomas.” Pages 93–102 in Neutestamentlichen Apokryphen. Edited by Edgar Hennecke. 2d ed. Tübingen: J. C. B. Mohr, 1924 (includes partial translation of Göttingen, Universitätsbibl., syr. 10).
• Scheidweiler, Felix. “Nikodemusevangelium. Pilatusakten und Höllenfahrt Christi.” Pages 395–424 in Neutestamentliche Apokryphen in deutscher Übersetzung, Bd. 1. Evangelien und Verwandtes. Edited by Edgar Hennecke and Wilhelm Schneemelcher. Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck, 1959. English translation: “The Gospel of Nicodemus.” Pages 501–36 in New Testament Apocrypha, Vol. 1, Gospels and Related Writings. Edited by Edgar Hennecke and Wilhelm Schneemelcher. Translated by R. McL. Wilson. 3rd ed. London: Luttersworth Press, 1963.
• Meyer, A. “Erzählung des Thomas.” Pages 63–67 in Neutestamentliche Apokryphen in deutscher Übersetzung. Edited by Edgar Hennecke. Tübingen: J. C. B. Mohr, 1904 (translation of Tischendorf’s Greek A text with portions in parallel from the Second Latin form and Wright’s Syriac text).

Schulthess, Friedrich. Christliche-Palästinische Fragmente aus der Omajjaden-Moschee zu Damaskus. Berlin: Weidmannsche Buchhandlung, 1905 (translation of fragments XX and XXI, p. 136).

Sedlácek, Jaroslav. “Neue Pilatusakten: Besprochen und Übersetzt.” Sitzungsberichte der Königlich Böhmischen Gesellschaft der Wissenschaften in Prag 11 (1908): 1–18 (German translation of Rahmani’s Syriac text, pp. 5–16).

*Scheidweiler, Felix. “Nikodemusevangelium. Pilatusakten und Höllenfahrt Christi.” Pages –36 in New Testament Apocrypha, Vol. 1, Gospels and Related Writings. Edited by Wilhelm Schneemelcher. Translated by R. McL. Wilson. Rev. ed. Louisville, KY: Westminster John Knox, 1991 (English trans. of Neutestamentliche Apokryphen in deutscher Übersetzung, Bd. 1. Evangelien und Verwandtes. Edited by Wilhelm Schneemelcher. 6th ed. Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck, 1990) (Greek A, excerpts of Greek B and Latin B).

3.3.4 Italian

Erbetta, Mario. Gli apocrifi del Nuovo Testamento. 3 vols. Italy: Marietti, 1975–1981 (vol. 1.2, pp. 231–87).

Moraldi, Luigi. Apocrifi del Nuovo Testamento. 2 vols. Turin: Unione Tipografico-Editrice Torinese, 1971 (vol. 1, pp. 519–653).

Vandoni, Mariangela, and Tito Orlandi, eds. Vangelo di Nicodemo. 2 vols. Testi e documenti per lo Studio dell’antichità 15. Milan: Instituto Editoriale Cisalpino, 1966 (new edition of the Coptic Turin papyrus, vol. 1, pp. 11–38; Italian translation, vol. 2, pp. 7–33).

3.3.5 Spanish

De Santos Otero, Aurelio. Los Evangelios Apócrifos. Madrid: Biblioteca de Autores Christianos, 1956¹, 1979³ (Greek A with variants in Greek B of Acts; Greek and Latin B of Descent, pp. 396–471).

Bergua, Juan Bautista, and Edmundo González-Blanco, ed. and trans. Los Evangelios Apocrifos. 2 vols. Madrid: Ediciones Ibéricas, 2012 (vol. 2, pp. 237–304).

3.4 General Works

Bammel, E. “The Trial before Pilate.” Pages 415–51 in Jesus and the Politics of His Day. Edited by E. Bammel and C. F. D. Moule. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1984.

Baudoin, Anne-Catherine. “La femme de Pilate dans les Actes de Pilate, recension Grecque A (II, 1).” Apocrypha 21 (2010): 133–49.

Baudoin, Anne-Catherine, Rémi Gounelle, Justin Haynes, and Zbigniew Izydorczyk. “The Protean Evangelium Nicodemi.” Pages 21–31 in The Oldest Manuscript of the Acts of Pilate: A Collaborative Commentary on the Vienna Palimpsest. Edited by Anne-Catherine Baudoin and Zbigniew Izydorczyk. Proceedings of the International Summer Schools on Christian Apocryphal Literature 2. Strassbourg, 2019.

Baudoin, Anne-Catherine, and Zbigniew Izydorczyk, eds. The Oldest Manuscript of the Acts of Pilate: A Collaborative Commentary on the Vienna Palimpsest. Proceedings of the International Summer Schools on Christian Apocryphal Literature 2. Strassbourg, 2019.

Beggiato, P. “Un’ utilizzazione del Supporto intertestuale nella scelta tra varianti: Il perdono di Longino.” Pages 11–19 in Prassi intertestuale, a cura di Simonetta Bianchini. Rome: Bagatto Libri, 1996.

Bell, A. R. “The Harrowing of Hell: A Study of Its Reception and Artistic Interpretation in Early Medieval European Literature.” Ph.D. diss., University of Maryland, 1971.

Brunn, G. L. Disquisitio historico-critica de indole, aetate et iisu libri apocryphi, vulgo inscripti Evangelium Nicodemi. Berlin: n.p., 1794.

Cabaniss, A. “The Harrowing of Hell, Psalm 24, and Pliny the Younger: A Note.” VC 7 (1953): 65–74.

Campbell, J. J. “To Hell and Back: Latin Tradition and Literary Use of the Descensus ad Inferos in Old English.” Viator 13 (1982): 107–58.

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__________. “Der Process Jesu nach den Acta Pilati.” Zeitschrift für die neutestamentliche Wissenschaft und die Kunde der älteren Kirche 3 (1902): 89–114.

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__________. “L’Affaire des étendards de Pilate dans le premier chapitre des Actes de Pilate.” Pages 351–58 in Papers Presented to the Tenth International Conference on Patristic Studies, Oxford 24–29 August 1987. Edited by E. A. Livingstone. Studia Patristica 19. Louvain: Peeters Press, 1989.

__________. “La Représentation de la Passion dans la liturgie du Vendredi Saint: les Actes de Pilate et la liturgie ancienne de Jérusalem.” Pages 77–89 in Liturgie et anthropologie. Conférences St-Serge, XXVIe semaine d’études liturgiques. Edited by A. M. Triacca and A. Pistoia. Rome: C. L. V.-Edizioni Liturgiche, 1990.

__________. “La Représentation de la Passion dans la liturgie du Vendredi Saint: les Actes de Pilate et la liturgie ancienne de Jérusalem.” Pages 77–89 in Liturgie et anthropologie. Conférences St-Serge, XXVIe semaine d’études liturgiques. Edited by A. M. Triacca and A. Pistoia. Rome: C. L. V.-Edizioni Liturgiche, 1990.

__________. “Sommos dans la version copte des Actes de Pilate (XVI,7).” Apocrypha 9 (1998): 291–300. 

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__________. “Les singularités de la version Copte des Actes de Pilate.” Apocrypha 21 (2010): 57–71.

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Goguel, M. La Foi à la résurrection de Jésus dans le christianisme primitif. Étude d’histoire et de psychologie religieuses. Paris: E. Leroux, 1933 (pp. 385–88).

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__________. “La descente aux enfers et son fondement scripturaire dans le christianisme antique.” Pages 149–68 in Du Jésus des Écritures au Christ des théologiens. Les Pères de l’Église, lecteurs de la vie de Jésus. Edited by Régis Courtray, Régis Burnet, Jérôme Lagouanère, and Maguelone Renard. Cahiers de Biblia Patristica 24, Turnhout: Brepols, 2023.

__________. “Diffusion et réception des Actes de Pilate dans la littérature byzantine.” Pages 543–55 in Gnose et manichéisme: entre les oasis d’Égypte et la route de la soie: hommage à Jean-Daniel Dubois. Edited by Luciana Soares and Anna Van Den Kerschove. Histoire et prosopographie 13. Turnhout: Brepols, 2017.

__________. “Editing a Fluid and Unstable Text. The Example of the Acts of Pilate (or Gospel of Nicodemus).”Apocrypha 23 (2012): 81–97.

__________. “L’edition de la recension Grecque ancienne des Actes de Pilate: Perspectives méthodologiques.” Apocrypha 21 (2010): 31–47.

__________. “Entre Bible et mythologie gréco-romaine: la descente du Christ aux enfers dans les sermons XII et XIIA d’Eusèbe dit de Gaule.” Pages 163–83 in L’oiseau et le poisson: cohabitations religieuses dans les mondes grec et romain. Edited by Nicole Belayche and Jean-Daniel Dubois. Paris: Presses de l’université Paris-Sorbonne, 2011.

__________. “La figure de Nicodème dans l’évangile éponyme.” Rivista di Storia et Letteratura Religiosa 54 (2018): 551–62.

__________. “Genèse d’un personnage littéraire. Ponce Pilate dans la littérature apocryphe chrétienne.” Pages 29–40 in Ponce Pilate. Edited by Jean-Marc Vercruysse. Graphè, 22.  2013

__________. “Un nouvel évangile judéo-chrétien? les Actes de Pilate.” Pages 357–401 in The Apocryphal Gospels within the Context of Early Christian Theology. Edited by Jens Schröter. Bibliotheca Ephemeridum Theologicarum Lovaniensium 260. Leuven: Peeters, 2013.

__________. “Pourquoi, selon l’Évangile de Nicodème, le Christ est-il descendu aux Enfers?” Pages 67–84 in Le mystère apocryphe. Introduction à une littérature méconnue. Edited by J.-D. Kaestli and D. Marguerat. Essais bibliques 26. Essais bibliques 26. Geneva: Labor et Fides, 1995.

__________. “Les questions christologiques posées par la descente du Christ aux enfers, vues au prisme d’autres récits des six premiers siècles.” Pages 53–67 in Entre passion et résurrection, la descente du Christ aux enfers. Edited by Elie Ayroulet. Parole et Silence, 2017.

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__________. “Introduction.” Pages 1–20 in The Medieval Gospel of Nicodemus: Texts, Intertexts, and Contexts in Western Europe. Edited by Zbigniew Izydorczyk. Tempe, AZ: Medieval and Renaissance Texts & Studies, 1997.

__________. “The Legend of the Harrowing of Hell in Middle English Literature.” Ph.D. diss., University of Toronto, 1985.

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__________. “A New Edition of the Evangelium Nicodemi: Some Working Assumptions.” Pages 33–36 in The Oldest Manuscript of the Acts of Pilate: A Collaborative Commentary on the Vienna Palimpsest. Edited by Anne-Catherine Baudoin and Zbigniew Izydorczyk. Proceedings of the International Summer Schools on Christian Apocryphal Literature 2. Strasbourg, 2019.

__________. “Reviewed in Translation: Vernacular Legacies of the Evangelium Nicodemi.” Pages 43–50 in The Oldest Manuscript of the Acts of Pilate: A Collaborative Commentary on the Vienna Palimpsest. Edited by Anne-Catherine Baudoin and Zbigniew Izydorczyk. Proceedings of the International Summer Schools on Christian Apocryphal Literature 2. Strasbourg, 2019.

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