Book of the Rolls

Standard abbreviation: Bk. Rolls

Other titles: Apocalypse of Peter (Arabic), Ğalayān Buṭrus, Kitāb al-Mağāll, Qalēmenṭos, Apocalypse of Simon

Clavis numbers: ECCA 950

Category: Apocalypses, Apocryphal Acts

Related literature: Acts of Peter by Clement, Pseudo-Clementines, Story of Peter, John, and Paul in Antioch, Cave of Treasures, Testament of Adam

Compiled by Barbara Roggema, Ruhr University Bochum ([email protected]) and Tony Burke, York University ([email protected])

Citing this resource (using Chicago Manual of Style): Roggema, Barbara, and Tony Burke. “Book of the Rolls.” e-Clavis: Christian Apocrypha. Accessed DAY MONTH YEAR. https://www.nasscal.com/e-clavis-christian-apocrypha/book-of-the-rolls/.

Created September 2021.

1. SUMMARY

This Christian Arabic pseudepigraphon, which covers more than a hundred folios, is a heterogeneous text, which integrates the Testament of Adam, the Cave of Treasures, and stories of Peter paralleled in the Ethiopic Acts of Peter by Clement (itself incorporating portions of the Pseudo-Clementines). It is framed as a revelation from Christ to Peter on the Mount of Olives and then from Peter to Clement. After detailed descriptions of creation and biblical history, the middle segment of the text is a historical-political apocalypse about the rise and fall of Islam, in which Christ condemns Muslims and their rulers in a rather sharp polemical tone and, at the same time, declares that Islam is a temporary phenomenon. The Christian readers are urged not to intermingle with the Muslims and it seems, therefore, that this part was written at a time when social boundaries between Christians and Muslims were eroding. The end of Islam is not predicted as imminent but as an inevitable development in the future, which should encourage Christians in their steadfastness.

The last section of the text consists of the vicissitudes of Peter in Rome, which show resemblance to the Pseudo-Clementine Homilies and Recognitions. The text was widely known among Miaphysite Christians. It was copied in Egypt and Syria, often in Arabic with Syriac letters (Garšūnī). There are arguments for an origin in either a Syriac or Coptic milieu. A critical edition might solve this question but is, as yet, a desideratum. As for the date, the terminus post quem is the late ninth century, because the text contains allusions to political events in that time. The manuscript Paris, BNF Ar. 76 provides the terminus ante quem of 1177, when its Vorlage was copied.

Named historical figures and characters (based on Mingana’s incomplete translation, excluding the material from Cave of Treasures and the Testament of Adam): Abraham (patriarch), Abgar, Adam (patriarch), Agabus, Ananias (disciple), Antichrist, Barakūyār, Barnabas, Besalyā, Candace (king), Clement (bishop), Dan (patriarch), Daniel (prophet), daughter of Jairus, Dionysius (disciple), Elijah (prophet), Enoch (patriarch), Euphrikos/Euphraxus, Fālāh, Faustinianus, Faustinus, Faustus (father of Clement), Four Bodiless Creatures, Gabriel (angel), Ham, Hermes, Holy Spirit, Hotān, Isaac (patriarch), Jacob (patriarch), Jambres, James (son of Zebedee), Jannes, Jesus (Christ), Joachim (father of Mary), John (son of Zebedee), Joshua (patriarch), Judas Iscariot, Judas (of Damascus), Kolon, Lahwā, Lazarus, Magi, Mark (evangelist), Mary (Virgin), Mattidia, Michael (angel), Moses (patriarch), Nebuchadnezzar, Nero, Noah (patriarch), Nun, Paul (apostle), Peter (apostle), Philip (apostle), Pharaoh (of Exodus), Phinehas, Pontius Pilate, Protheus/Zerosus, Raphael (angel), Salāh, Sarh, Satan, Saul (king), Silvanus (disciple), Simon (Magus), Solomon (king), Solon, Stephen (martyr), Tares, Terah, Thaddaeus/Addai (apostle), Thomas (apostle), Tibarus, Timothy, Titus, Uriel (angel), Wailah, Wākid, Wolf (Muhammad), Yanshur.

Geographical locations: Abirom, Ablabûn, Afdār, Alexandria, al-Adiyōka, Amman, Antioch, Arados, Armenia, Arramān, Athens, Baalbeck, Babylon, Beirut, Bethlehem, Bīlāt, Carthage, Cave of Treasures, Chamber of Zion, China, Chorazin, Cyprus, Damascus, Eden, Edessa, Edom, Egypt, Emmaus, Ephesus, Euphrates River, Golgotha, Haran, Harmānīyah, hell, Hijāz, India, ‘Irāk, ‘Irkah, Jarbā, Jerusalem, Joppa, Judah, Judea, Ḳêsârôs River, Khawārij, Kurmah, Kûsin, Lake Gurgu, Laodicea, Lāyos, Lebanon, Lydda, Manīh, Maurikiyah, Mesopotamia, Mitālīyah, Moab, Mount of Olives, Mount Sinai, Nazareth, Nile, Nineveh, Nisibin, Nubia, Paradise, Paran, Pavilion of Light, Persia, Philippi, Phoenicia, Red Sea, Rome, Samosata, Satāfān, Seba, Sicily, Sidon, Sind, Sodom, Sudan, Syria, Tarsus, Tartaros, temple (Jerusalem), Thrace, Tigris River, Tyre.

2. RESOURCES

3. BIBLIOGRAPHY

3.1 Manuscripts and Editions

3.1.1 Arabic and Garšūnī (assigned to three recensions)

3.1.1.1 Without chapter numbers

Cambridge, University Library, Add. 306 (13th cent.)

Cairo, Coptic Museum, Lit. 2 (Graf 19) (13th cent.)

Cairo, Coptic Patriarchate, Theol. 114 (Graf 518) (1658)

Mount Sinai, Monē tēs Hagias Aikaterinēs, 508, fols. 89^v–141^v (ca. 9th cent.) ~ LOC; SINAI

Paris, Bibliothèque nationale de France, Arabe 76, fols. 2^v–133^v (1337)

Paris, Bibliothèque nationale de France, Arabe 77, fols. 2^v–71^v (1665) ~ divided into 91 chapters; identical to Arabe 78 and 79

Paris, Bibliothèque nationale de France, Arabe 78, fols. 1^r–185^v (14th cent.)

Paris, Bibliothèque nationale de France, Arabe 79, fols. 1^r–305^v (15th cent.)

Paris, Bibliothèque nationale de France, Arabe 5015, fols. 1^r–322^v (15th cent.) ~ identical to Arabe 79; CATALOG

3.1.1.2. Divided into chapters; entitled Book of Revelations, or Book of the Perfection

Berlin, Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin, 243 (Sachau 57) (1660/1661) ~ Garšūnī with an introduction in Syriac

Cairo, Coptic Patriarchate, Theol. 150 (Graf 322) (1895)

Cairo, Coptic Patriarchate, Theol. 115 (Graf 352) (1738) ~ divided into 91 chapters

Oxford, Bodleian Library, Bodl. Ar. Chr. Uri 99 ~ divided into 89 chapters

Oxford, Bodleian Library, Bodl. Ar. Nicoll 48 ~ CATALOG ~ a copy of Uri 99

Paris, Bibliothèque nationale de France, syr. 63, fols. 1^r–194^r (16th cent.) ~ Garšūnī; divided into 89 or 90 chapters

Paris, Bibliothèque nationale de France, syr. 232, fols. 347^r–434^r (17th cent.) ~ Garšūnī

Vatican, Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana, Vat. sir. 159, fols. 197f. (1622/1623) ~ La Spisa says 1628 and fols. 360v-443r ~ Garšūnī; divided into 90 chapters

3.1.1.3 Divided into 8 parts; entitled Book of Benefits and Revelations, Book of Secrets

Edgbaston, University of Birmingham, Mingana Syr. 441, fols. 1^r–44^r, 68^r–124^r (1781) ~ Garšūnī; (La Spiza says 1556 and fols. 1r–124r)

Edgbaston, University of Birmingham, Mingana Chr. Ar. 143 (14th cent.)

Edgbaston, University of Birmingham, Mingana Syr. 70, fols. 27^r–195^r (ca. 1750) ~ Garšūnī; (La Spiza says fols. 1r–194r)

Edgbaston, University of Birmingham, Mingana Syr. 555, fols. 1^r–198^v (1754); Garšūnī ~ CATALOG

Edgbaston, University of Birmingham, Mingana Chr. Ar. 60, fols. 141^v–147^v (1771) ~ summary

Vatican, Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana, Vat. ar. 165, fols. 1^r–100^v (1477) ~ CATALOG; DigiVatLib

Vatican, Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana, Vat. ar. 83, fols. 25–37 (15th cent.) ~ fragment of book 5 only (CATALOG)

3.1.1.4 Versions without particular characteristics:

3.1.1.4.1 Arabic Script

Aleppo, Fondation Georges et Mathilde Salem, Sbath Fihris 214 (1872)

Berlin, Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin, Syr. 242 (1556) ~ fragmentary

Charfet, Syrian-Catholic Patriarchate, syr. 18/3 (1714)

Mount Sinai, Monē tēs Hagias Aikaterinēs, ar. 269 (12th/13th cent.) ~ LOC

Mount Sinai, Monē tēs Hagias Aikaterinēs, ar. 441 (1196) ~ LOC; SINAI

3.1.1.4.2 Garšūnī Script

Cambridge, University Library, Dd. 10.10, fols. 319^v–324^r (1561)

Diyarbakir, Meryem Ana Syriac Orthodox Church, 146 (18th cent.)

Edgbaston, University of Birmingham, Mingana Syr. 106, fols. 32^v–35^r (1677)

Edgbaston, University of Birmingham, Mingana Syr. 138, fols. 172^r–182^r (ca. 1600) ~ beginning only

Edgbaston, University of Birmingham, Mingana Syr. 225, fols. 63^r–75^r (1578)

Edgbaston, University of Birmingham, Mingana Syr. 369, fols. 30^r–32^r (ca. 1480)

Edgbaston, University of Birmingham, Mingana Syr. 411, fols. 17^r–32^v (1864)

Edgbaston, University of Birmingham, Mingana Syr. 446, fols. 84^r–102^v (1781)

London, British Library, Karš. 7 (16th cent.)

Oxford, Bodleian Library, Bodl. Syr. 151, fols. 2^r–131^r (1555)

Vatican, Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana, Sbath 125 + Edgbaston, University of Birmingham, Mingana Syr. 88, fols. 82^r–93^v (1440)

Additional Manuscripts:

Aleppo, Syrian Orthodox Church. Archdiocese of Aleppo, 51 K, fols. 1–233 (18th cent.) ~ IMAGES

Aleppo, Syrian Orthodox Archdiocese of Aleppo, 62 M (19th cent.) ~ HMML

Cambridge (Mass.), Harvard Houghton Library, Syr. 86

Mardin, Dayr Za‘farān Monastery, 215, pp. 1–15 (17th cent.) ~ HMML

Mardin, Dayr Za‘farān Monastery, 73, pp. 267–308 (18th cent.) ~ HMML

Mardin, Church of the Forty Martyrs, 173, fols. 208^r–285^v (19th/20th cent.) ~ IMAGES

Mardin, Church of the Forty Martyrs, 249, pp. 1–342 (18th cent.) ~ IMAGES

Mardin, Church of the Forty Martyrs, 299, pp. 1–25 (17th/18th cent.), ~ IMAGES

Mardin, Church of the Forty Martyrs, 1052, pp. 1–152 (18th/19th cent.) ~ IMAGES

Mosul, Dominican Friars of Mosul, 788, fols. 50^v–79^r (18th/19th cent.) ~ IMAGES

Mosul, Dominican Friars of Mosul, 742, fols. 100^v–104^v (16th/17th cent.) ~ IMAGES

Mosul, Mar Behnam, 392, fols. 1^r–7^r (17th cent.) ~ IMAGES

Mosul, Mar Behnam Monastery 402 (olim 44) (18^th c.) ff. 184r-190r

Mosul, Syrian Orthodox Archidiocese of Mosul, 193, fols. 4^v–11^v (17th/18th cent.) ~ IMAGES

Mosul, Syrian Orthodox Archidiocese of Mosul, 282, fols. 1^r–428^v (16th/17th cent.) ~ IMAGES

Mosul, Syrian Orthodox Archidiocese of Mosul, 299, pp. 208–285 (17th/18th cent.) ~ IMAGES

Paris, Bibliothèque nationale de France, Arabe 68, fols. 58^v–77^r(1715)

Paris, Bibliothèque nationale de France, Arabe 5072, fols. 2^r–10^v (1339) ~ beginning only; IMAGES

Battista, Antonio, and Bellarmino Bagatti, ed. and trans. La Caverna dei Tesori: Testo arabo con traduzione italiana e commento. Jerusalem: Franciscan Press, 1979 (reprint of the Arabic texts of Bezold and Gibson with Italian translation).

Bezold, Carl. “Das arabisch-athiopische Testamentum Adami.” Pages 893–912 in Orientalische Studien Theodor Nöldeke zum siebzigsten Geburtstag. Edited by Carl Bezold. 2 vols. Gieszen: A. Töpelmann, 1906.

___________. Die Schatzhöhle. 2 vols. Leipzig: Hinrichs. 1883–1888 (Cave of Treasures portion only).

Bratke, E. “Handschriftliche Überlieferung des Petrus Apokalypse.” ZWT 36.1 (1893): 454–93 (survey of manuscripts).

Gibson, Margaret Dunlop. Apocrypha Arabica. Studia Sinaitica 8. London: C. J. Clay & Sons, 1901 (partial edition of Cave of Treasures portion based on Sinai ar. 508, pp. 1–57; English translation, pp. 1–58; partial collation of Cambridge 306, pp. xx–xxxi).

Graf, Georg. Geschichte der christlichen arabischen Literatur. 5 vols. Rome: Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana, 1944 (discussion, vol. 1, p. 283–92).

Lagarde, Paul de. Mittheilungen. 4 vols. Göttingen: Dieterichsche Sortimentsbuchhandlung, 1884–1891 (portions from BNF Arabe 76, vol. 4, pp. 6–16).

La Spisa, Paolo. “À propos de l’Apocalypse de Pierre arabe ou Livre des Révélations (Kitāb al-Mağāl).” Pages 511–26 in Linguistic, Oriental and Ethiopian Studies in Memory of Paolo Marrassini. Edited by Alessandro Bausi, Alessandro Gori, and Gianfrancesco Lusini, Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz, 2014 (overview of manuscripts, pp. 515–19; discussion of Vat. ar. 165, pp. 520–24).

Mingana, Alphonse. “Apocalypse of Peter.” Pages 93–449 in Woodbrooke Studies: Christian Documents in Syriac, Arabic, and Garshuni. Vol. 3. Edited by Alphonse Mingana. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1931 (photographs of Mingana, Syr. 70, pp. 153–208, 283–348, 408–49 [lacking 124^v–145^vand 151^v–154^v]; partial translation, pp. 100–52, 215–82, 356–407).

3.1.2 Ethiopic (the Ethiopic Qalēmenṭos has a partial overlap with the Arabic text in books 1 and 2)

A London, British Library, Or. 751, fols. 2^r–89^v (1721–1730)

E EMML 1141 (20th cent.)

T Tübingen, Universitätsbibliothek, M. aeth. 1 = M. a. IX 1 (19th cent.) ~ IMAGES

Z EMML 1843 (14th/15th cent.)

Addis Ababā, Patriarchate Library and Museum, 007 Qalam. (1986/1987)

London, British Library, Or. 752, fols. 3^r–102^r (1721–1730)

London, British Library, Or. 753, fols. 1^r–67^v (18th cent.)

Paris, Bibliothèque Nationale de France, d’Abbadie 78, fols. 1–206 (1769) ~ IMAGES

Bausi, Alesandro. Il Qalēmenṭos etiopico. La rivelazione di Pietro a Clemente. I libri 3–7. Studi africanistici, Serie etiopica 2. Naples: Dipartimento di Studi e Ricerche su Africa e Paesi Arabi, Istituto Universitario Orientale, 1992 (includes list of 24 manuscripts, pp. 15–16; Italian translation of books 3–7 based on AETZ, pp. 45–178; photographs of manuscript A, pp. 191–248).

Gabra Yoḥannes Gabra Māryām. The Book of Clement in Ge’ez and Amharic. Addis Ababa: n.p, 2008 (edition based on Addis Ababā, Patriarchate Library and Museum, 007).

3.2 Modern Translations

3.2.1 English

Gibson, Margaret Dunlop. Apocrypha Arabica. Studia Sinaitica 8. London: C. J. Clay & Sons, 1901 (edition based on Sinai ar. 508, pp.; English translation, pp. 1–58; partial collation of Cambridge 306, pp. xx–xxxi).

Mingana, Alphonse. “Apocalypse of Peter.” Pages 93–449 in Woodbrooke Studies: Christian Documents in Syriac, Arabic, and Garshuni. Vol. 3. Edited by Alphonse Mingana. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1931 (photographs of Mingana, Syr. 70, pp. 153–208, 283–348, 408–49; partial translation, pp. 100–52, 215–82, 356–407).

3.2.2 French

Grébaut, Sylvain. Littérature éthiopienne pseudo-clémentine. Le Qalêmentos. Version éthiopienne en sept livres traduite en français. Livres premier et deuxième. Paris: Librairie A. Picard et Fils. Reprint of a series of articles published in Revue de l’Orient Chrétien: 16 (1911): 72–84 (overview of contents, pp. 73–78; translation begins p. 78), 167–75, 225–33; 17 (1912): 16–31, 133–44, 244–52, 337–46; 18 (1913): 69–78; 19 (1914): 324–30; 20 (1915–1917): 33–37, 424–30; 21 (1918): 246–52; 22 (1919): 22–28, 113-17, 395–400; 26 (1927/28): 22–31 (books I–III only, based on BNF d’Abbadie 78).

___________. “Un passage démonologique du Qalēmentos.” JA 211 (1927): 331–39.

___________. “Un passage eschatologique du Qalēmentos.” Aethiops 3 (1930): 21–23.

Grébaut, Sylvain, and A. Roman. “Le livre V du Qalēmentos.” Aethiops 3 (1930): 39–41.

3.2.3 Italian

Bausi, Alesandro. Il Qalēmenṭos etiopico. La rivelazione di Pietro a Clemente. I libri 3–7. Studi africanistici, Serie etiopica 2. Naples: Dipartimento di Studi e Ricerche
su Africa e Paesi Arabi, Istituto Universitario Orientale, 1992 (partial translation based on London, British Library, Or. 751, EMML 1141, and Tübingen M. aeth. 1).

3.2.4 Spanish

Casado, Pilar González. La cueva de los tesoros. Madrid: Editorial Ciudad Neuva, 2004 (translation of Cave of Treasures portion only from Gibson’s edition of Sinai ar. 508, pp. 307–400).

3.3 General Works

Baumstark, Anton. Die Petrus- und Paulusacten in der literarischen Überlieferung der syrischen Kirche. Leipzig: Harrassowitz, 1902 (pp. 48–51).

Bausi, Alessandro. “The Ethiopic Book of Clement: The Case of a Recent Ethiopian Edition and a Few Additional Remarks.” Pages 221–37 in Studies in Ethiopian Languages, Literature, and History: Festschrift for Getatchew Haile Presented by his Friends and Colleagues. Edited by Adam Carter McCollum. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz, 2017.

___________. “Writing, Copying, Translating: Ethiopia as a Manuscript Culture.” Pages 37–76 in Manuscript Cultures: Mapping the Field. Edited by Jörg B. Quenzer, Dmity Bondarev, and Jan-Ulrich Sobisch. Studies in Manuscript Cultures 1. Berlin: De Gruyter, 2014 (pp. 57–60).

___________. “The Manuscript Tradition of the Ethiopic Qalēmenṭos. A Short Note.” Pages 47–57 in Wälättä Yohanna: Ethiopian Studies in Honour of Joanna Mantel-Niećko on the Occasion of the 50th Year of Her Work at the Institute of Oriental Studies, Warsaw University. Edited by Witold Witakowski and L. Łykowska. Rocznik Orientalistyczny 59/1. Warszawa: Elipsa, 2006.

___________. “San Clemente e le tradizioni clementine nella letteratura etiopica canonico-liturgica.” Pages 13–55 in Studi su Clemente romano: Atti degli Incontri di Roma. 29 marzo e 22 novembre 2001. Edited by P. Luisier. OCA 268. Rome: Pontificio Istituto Orientale, 2003 (see pp. 18–21).

___________. “Alcune considerazioni dul ‘Sēnodos’ etiopico.” Rassegna di Studi Etiopoci 36 (1990): 5–73 (see pp. 63–64).

___________. “Presenze clementine nella letteratura etiopica.” SCO 40 (1990): 289–316.

Buchholz, Dennis D. Your Eyes Will Be Opened: A Study of the Greek (Ethiopic) Apocalypse of Peter. SBLDS 97. Atlanta: Scholars, 1988 (see pp. 10–16).

Cowley, Roger W. Ethiopian Biblical Interpretation. Study in Exegetical Tradition and Hermeneutics. University of Cambridge Oriental Publications 38. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1988.

___________. “The Identification of the Ethiopian Octateuch of Clement and Its Relationship to the Other Christian Literature.” Ostkirchliche Studien 27 (1978): 37–45.

Dillmann, August. “Bericht über das äthiopische Buch Clementinischer Schriften.” NAWG 17–19 (1858): 185–226.

Duensing, Hugo. “Ein Stücke der urchristlichen Petrus-Apokalypse enthaldender Traktat der äthiopischen pseudoklementinischen Literatur.” ZNW 14 (1913): 65–78.

Graf, Georg. Geschichte der christlichen arabischen Literatur. 5 vols. Rome: Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana, 1944 (vol. 1, pp. 283–92).

Grypeou, Emmanouela. “‘I Have Given You the Keys of Heaven and Earth.’ The Arabic Apocalypse of Peter and the History of Christian Apocalyptic Literature.” Pages 214–232 in The Apocalypse of Peter in Context. Edited by Daniel C. Maier, Jörg Frey, and Thomas J. Kraus. Studies on Early Christian Apocrypha 21. Leuven: Peeters, 2024.

___________. “Kitāb al-majāll; Jalayān Buṭrus.” Pages 632–37 in Christian-Muslim Relations 600–1500: A Bibliographical History. Edited by David Thomas and Barbara Roggema. Leiden: Brill, 2012.

___________. “The Re-Written Bible in Arabic: The Paradise Story and its Exegesis in the Arabic Apocalypse of Peter.” Pages 113–30 in The Bible in Arab Christianity. Edited by David Thomas. History of Muslim-Christian Relations 6. Leiden: Brill, 2007.

Hammerschmidt, Ernst. “Das Pseudo-apostolisches Schrifttum in äthiopischer Überlieferung.” JSS 9 (1964): 114–21.

Hoyland, Robert G. Seeing Islam as Others Saw It. A Survey and Evaluation of Christian, Jewish and Zoroastrian Writings on Early Islam. Studies in Late Antiquity and Early Islam 13. Princeton: Darwin Press, 1997 (pp. 291–94).

James, M. R. “Notes and Studies: A New Text of the Apocalypse of Peter.” JTS 12 (1910): 36–54.

Le Boulluec, Alain. “La doctrine du vrai Prophète dans les écrits pseudo-clémentins.” Pages 139–62 in Shiʿi Esotericism: Its Roots and Developments. Edited by Amir-Moezzi, De Cillis, De Smet, Mir-Kasimov, Turnhout: Brepols, 2016.

Marrassini, Paolo. “Peter, Apocalypse of.” Pages 135–37 in vol. 4 of Encyclopedia Aethiopica. Edited by S. Uhlig with Alessandro Bausi. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz, 2010.

___________. “L’apocalisse di Pietro.” Pages 171–232 in Etiopia e oltre. Studi in onore di Lanfranco Ricci. Edited by Yaqob Beyene, R. Fattovich, P. Marrassini, and A. Triulzi. Studi Africanistici Serie Etiopica 1. Naples: Istituto Universitario – Dipartimento di Studi e Ricerche su Africa e Paesi Arabi, 1994.

Mir-Kasimov, Orkhan. “Jesus as Eschatological Saviour in Islam: An Example of the ‘Positive’ Apologetic Interpretation of the Christian Apocalyptic Texts in an Islamic Messianic Milieu.” Intellectual History of the Islamicate World 6.3 (2018): 332–58.

___________. Christian Apocalyptic Texts in Islamic Messianic Discourse: The ‘Christian Chapter’ of the Jāvidān-nāma-yi kabīr by Faḍl Allāh Astarābādī (d. 796/1394). Leiden: Brill, 2016.

Nau, F. “Clementins (Apocryphes) II. L’Apocalypse de Pierre ou Clément.” Pages 216–19 in vol. 3 of Dictionnaire de Théologie Catholique. 15 vols. Paris: Letouzey et Ané, 1906–1908.

Proverbio, D. V., and G. Fiaccadori. “Un nuovo testimone etiopico della Rivelazione di Pietro a Clemente: il ms. 121 del Monumento Nazionale di Casamari (Veroli).” RANL, ser. 9, 15/4 (2004): 665–93.

Roggema, Barbara. “Biblical Exegesis and Interreligious Polemics in the Arabic Apocalypse of Peter—The Book of the Rolls.” Pages 131–50 in The Bible in Arab Christianity. Edited by David Thomas. History of Muslim-Christian Relations 6. Leiden: Brill, 2007.

Rossini, C. Conti. “Il libro dello Pseudo-Clemente et la crociata di Damietta.” Rivista degli Studi Orientali 9 (1921–23): 32–35.