Passion of the Holy Apostles Peter and Paul (Pseudo-Marcellus)

Passio apostolorum Petri et Pauli (Pseudo-Marcellus)

Standard abbreviation: Pass. Holy Pet. Paul (Latin version), Acts. Pet. Paul (Greek version)

Other titles: Acts of the Holy Apostles Peter and Paul (Greek version)

Clavis numbers: ECCA 403, CANT 193

Category: Apocryphal Acts

Compiled by: Tony Burke , York University, and Brandon W. Hawk, Rhode Island College.

Citing this resource (using Chicago Manual of Style): Burke, Tony, and Brandon W. Hawk, “Passio apostolorum Petri et Pauli (Pseudo-Marcellus).” e-Clavis: Christian Apocrypha. Accessed DAY MONTH YEAR. https://www.nasscal.com/e-clavis-christian-apocrypha/passion-of-the-holy-apostles-peter-and-paul-ps-marcellus/.

Created August 2022. Current as of January 2024.

1. SUMMARY

A combined account of the acts and deaths for both Peter and Paul appears in Pass. Holy Pet. Paul (Greek: Acts. Pet. Paul), ascribed to a certain Marcellus in various manuscripts. Like other related acts on which it is likely based (see Related Literature above), the narrative recounts the confrontation of the two apostles with the magician Simon Magus, who has gained the support of Emperor Nero in Rome.

The Greek version is longer than the Latin, as it includes 21 chapters at the start recounting Paul’s various journeys around the Mediterranean. During these voyages, a major part of the narrative concerns a plot by a group of Jews in Rome to convince Emperor Nero to have Paul killed. One of Paul’s companions who happens to look like the apostle is killed for his resemblance, and Nero and the Roman Jews are convinced that Paul is dead. They eventually learn that Paul is alive, however, and the Jews enlist Simon the magician to help them in their conspiracy against the apostle.

The Latin version begins at this point, with Paul’s arrival in Rome. The leaders of the Jews in Rome confront Paul and challenge him to oppose Peter’s teachings, which they see as antithetical to Jewish law. Peter and Paul are reunited, and Peter warns Paul about his own problems with Simon the magician. The two apostles are also drawn into a dispute between Jewish leaders and gentile Christians in Rome. This leads to a series of confrontations between the apostles on the one hand and the Jewish leaders and pagan priests on the other. Much of the conflict revolves around certain Roman aristocratic women who have become celibate from their husbands because of Peter’s teachings, while certain Roman men have abandoned their military and imperial service because of Paul’s teachings.

The narrative takes a turn when Simon the magician accuses Peter and Paul of being frauds. Peter, however, performs a series of miracles to challenge his accusations. Simon goes to Nero and manipulates him into confronting the two apostles. Nero summons Simon, Peter, and Paul, and a debate ensues about who is telling the truth about their divine powers. In the Greek text, Peter presents Nero with the Epistle of Pilate to Claudius as a witness to the truth about Christ as well as the apostolic authority of Peter and Paul. Peter defeats Simon in a mind-reading contest and Paul backs up all of Peter’s claims.

In a bid to out-miracle the apostles, Simon creates a challenge to prove that his powers are legitimate while the apostles’ power is fraudulent. He asks Nero to construct a tower, which he climbs before flying above the city (held in the air by demons). Nero declares Simon the winner of the debate, but Paul offers a prayer to God and Peter orders the demons away. The demons disperse and Simon falls to his death.

Furious, Nero arrests Peter and Paul and has the two of them executed⁠—Peter by crucifixion (at his request) upside-down, and Paul by beheading. The Greek version weaves in various interpolations about a pious woman named Perpetua, including a series of episodes continuing the Perpetua story after the apostles’ deaths (found also in Epistle of Pseudo-Dionysius the Areopagite to Timothy, and Martyrdom of the Blessed Apostle Paul by Pseudo-Linus). A riot by a group of Romans upset at the deaths of Peter and Paul force Nero into the wilderness, where he dies. Finally, an episode occurs in which a group of “Greeks” try to remove the bodies of Peter and Paul to the East, but they are stopped by an earthquake. Instead, the Romans bury both of the apostles in the catacombs on the Appian Way; they are then relocated, as Peter is taken to the Vatican and Paul is taken to the Ostian Road.

Named historical figures and characters: Abraham (patriarch), Adam (patriarch), Agrippa (prefect), Agrippina, Caesarius (deacon), Claudius (emperor), David (king), devil, Dioscorus, Eve (matriarch), Holy Spirit, Isaac, Jacob, Jamnes, Jesus Christ, Juliana (abbess), Juvenal (bishop), Livia (wife of Nero), Mambres, Marcellus, Melchizedek, Nero, Paul (apostle), Perpetua, Peter (apostle), Pharaoh (of Exodus), Pontius Pilate, Potenziana, Satan, Simon Magus.

Geographical locations: Africa, Appian Road, Aquae Salvias, Aricia, Baiae, Caesarea, Calabria, Didymus, Field of Mars, Forum of Appius, Gaeta, House of Sarapis, Illyricum, Italy, Jerusalem, Judea, Malta, Messina, Nazareth, Naumachia, Nomentan Gate, Ostian Road, Palestine, Puteoli, Rhegium, Rome, Samaria, Sicily, Syracuse, Terracina, Three Taverns, Vatican, Via Sacra.

2. RESOURCES

2.1 Art and Iconography

Frescoes of St. Paul Outside the Walls: feature two scenes of the meeting of Paul and Peter (Pass. Holy Pet. Paul 3). The frescoes were created ca. 400 but were destroyed by a fire in 1823 but water-colour paintings survive in two Vatican manuscripts.

The Capella della Separazione (Chapel of the Separation) marks the traditional site where Peter and Paul parted before their martyrdoms. The chapel was built in 1562 and then rebuilt in 1568, but destroyed in 1910. Its features included a bas relief depicting Paul and Peter embracing, reflecting their separation as told in Epistle of Pseudo-Dionysius the Areopagite to Timothy but also reminiscent of the usual iconography of the apostles’ meeting in Rome (Pass. Holy Pet. Paul 3).

Knee Impressions of Peter: located in the church of Santa Francesca Romana. Two impressions on stone are said to be where Peter placed his knees when he prayed that the demons lifting Simon in the air would drop him to the ground. Gregory of Tours (Glor. mart. 27) identifies the impressions to both Peter and Paul (see Pass. Holy Pet. Paul 55–56).

Cycles of Peter and Paul, Monreale Cathedral: 12th/13th-century mosaics illustrating the careers of the apostles drawn principally from Acts but featuring scenes of the apostles disputing with Simon before Nero, Simon’s fall from the sky, and both apostles’ martyrdoms.

3. BIBLIOGRAPHY

3.1 Manuscripts and Editions

3.1.1 Arabic (BHO 960; corresponds to BHG 1491)

Beirut, Bibliothèque Orientale de l’Université Saint Joseph, 615, pp. 300–44 (1677) ~ CATALOG; HMML

Beirut, Bibliothèque Orientale de l’Université Saint Joseph, 620, pp. 32–40 (18th cent.) ~ CATALOG

Beirut, Bibliothèque Orientale de l’Université Saint Joseph, 624, fols. 67^r–80^v (1658)

Mount Sinai, Monē tēs Hagias Aikaterinēs, ar. 539, fols. 42^r–57^r (12th cent.)

Mount Sinai, Monē tēs Hagias Aikaterinēs, ar. 405, fols. 213^r–223^r (1334/1335)

Mount Sinai, Monē tēs Hagias Aikaterinēs, ar. O (1259)

Paris, Bibliothèque nationale de France, Arabe 258, fols. 223^v–235^v (15th cent.)

Lewis, Agnes Smith. Acta mythologica apostolorum. Horae semiticae 3. London: Clay, 1904 (Arabic text from Sinai, arab. 405, pp. 165–78).

Bausi, Alessandro. “Alcune osservazioni sul Gadla ḥawāryāt.” Annali dell’Istituto Orientale di Napoli 60–61 (2001–2002): 77–114 (list of 31 manuscripts of the Arabic acts collection, pp. 97–101).

Graf, Georg. Geschichte der christlichen arabischen Literatur. 5 vols. Rome: Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana, 1944 (manuscripts listed, vol. 1, pp. 261, 263).

3.1.2 Armenian (BHO 959, 962)

Long text (BHO 959):

A Paris, Bibliothèque nationale de France, arm. 110, fols. 575^r–583^r (1194)

B Bibliothèque nationale de France, arm. 118, fols. 293^v–299^r (14th cent.)

C Bibliothèque nationale de France, arm. 120, fols. 441^r–448^r (14th cent.)

D Bibliothèque nationale de France, arm. 178, fols. 605^r–611^v (13th cent.)

Venice, Biblioteca dei Padri Mechitaristi San Lazzaro degli Armeni, 569 (234) (1518)

Venice, Biblioteca dei Padri Mechitaristi San Lazzaro degli Armeni, 1447 (223) (15th cent.)

Yerevan, Matenadaran, 993

Yerevan, Matenadaran, 332

Short text (BHO 962):

Venice, Biblioteca dei Padri Mechitaristi San Lazzaro degli Armeni, 653 (228) (1847)

Venice, Biblioteca dei Padri Mechitaristi San Lazzaro degli Armeni, 17 (200) (1224)

Venice, Biblioteca dei Padri Mechitaristi San Lazzaro degli Armeni, 1014 (201) (12th/13th cent.)

Venice, Biblioteca dei Padri Mechitaristi San Lazzaro degli Armeni, 239 (222) (1335)

Venice, Biblioteca dei Padri Mechitaristi San Lazzaro degli Armeni, 299 (215) (1829)

Venice, Biblioteca dei Padri Mechitaristi San Lazzaro degli Armeni, 456 (27) (14th/15th cent.)

Jerusalem, Patriarchal library of the Armenian Monastery of St. James, I-d, pp. 845f.

Jerusalem, Patriarchal library of the Armenian Monastery of St. James 73, pp. 64^rf. (1398)

Tchérakian, Chérubin. Ankanon girkh arakhelakankh: Thankgaran haykakan hin ew nor deprutheankh. Venice: Òazar, 1904 (editions, pp. 1–29 [BHO 959 based on the six Venice manuscripts], 35–54 [BHO 962 based on the two Venice manuscripts]).

Vetter, Paul. “Die armenischen apokryphen Apostelakten II: Die Akten der Apostel Petrus und Paulus.” OrChr 3 (1903): 16–55, 324–83 (BHO 959 based on ABCD with a facing Greek retroversion, pp. 20–55, 324–83).

3.1.3 Church Slavic

Lviv, Litmanová ms. B from the collection of Štefan Hlinka, fols. 25–35 (=de Santos Otero 13)

Moscow, State Historical Museum, A. I. Chludov, 105, fols. 57^v–66^v (15th cent.) (=de Santos Otero 14)

Moscow, State Historical Museum, Čudovskij Monastyr’ 62 (264), fols. 204–219 (16th cent.) (=de Santos Otero 25)

Franko, Ivan. Apokrifi î legendy z ukraïnsǐkich rukopisiv. 5 vols. Lviv: Nakladom Naukovoho Tovaristva îmeni Ševčenka, 1896–1910 (edition of Lviv manuscript, vol. 3, pp. 25–42).

Otero, Aurelio de Santos. Die handschriftliche Überlieferung der altslavischen Apokryphen. 2 vols. PTS 20 and 23. Berlin: De Gruyter, 1978–1981 (manuscripts listed, vol. 1 pp. 60–66 ~ see nos. 4–5a, 8, 9, 11–20, 23–26, 30–31, 33–34; and vol. 2 pp. 242–43).

Popov, A. N. “Dejanija apostolov petra i pavla.” Pages 1–41 in Biblîografičeskîe materîaly sobrannye A. N. Popovymǔ (XV–XIX). Edited by Michail Speranskîj. Moskow: Universitetskaja Tipografîja, 1889 (edition of Chludov 105, pp. 5–19; edition of Moscow 62, pp. 20–41).

Thomson, Francis J. Review of Aurelio de Santos Otero, Die handschriftliche Überlieferung der altslavischen Apokryphen, vol. 1. Slavonic and East European Review 58 (1980): 256–68 at 258 (with corrections to de Santos Otero).

3.1.4 Coptic (CC 568; PAThs entry)

MONB.DM, pages uncertain (10th–12th cent.)

Munich, Bayerische Staatsbibliothek, P. Monac. Kopt. 3, fols. 151–152 (undated)

Strasbourg, Bibliothèque Nationale et Universitaire, Copte 9, single unnumbered leaf (5th/6th cent.) (PAThs)

Vienna, Österreichischen nationalbibliothek – Papyrussamlung, K2941 (9th cent.)

Winstedt, E. O. “Some Munich Coptic Fragments.” Proceedings of the Society of Biblical Archeology 28 (1906): 137–42, 229–37 (Coptic text, pp. 232–36; English translation, p. 237).

Jacoby, Adolf. “Studien zur koptischen.” Recueil de travaux relatifs à la philologie et à l’archéologie égyptiennes et assyriennes 24 (1902): 36–44 (Coptic text of the Strasbourg fragment with facing English translation, pp. 43–44).

Orlandi, Tito. “Papiri copti di contenuto teologico.” Mitteilungen der Papyrussammlung der Österreichischen nationalbibliothek, NS 9 (1974): 120–25.

3.1.5 Georgian

Mount Athos, Iviron, Geor. 8 (10th cent.)

Oxford, Bodleian Library, Georg. b1 (1038–1040)

Tbilisi, National Center of Manuscripts, Cod. H 1708 (11th cent.)

Garitte, Gérard. “Le récents catalogues des manuscrits géorgiens de Tflis.” Mus 74 (1961): 387–422 (see p. 404 no. 1).

Marr, Nicholas. “Le synaxaire géorgien: Redaction ancienne de l’Union arméno-géorgienne.” PO 19 (1926): 629–742 (edition based on Iviron 8, pp. 733–41).

3.1.6 Greek (translated from Latin)

Sigla assigned by Lipsius-Bonnet:

Greek A (Short Version; closer in form to Latin; BHG 1491)

E Venice, Biblioteca Nazionale Marciana, VII. 037 (coll. 1269), fols. 70^r–90^v (16th cent.) ~ Pinakes

Greek B (Long Version; BHG 1490)

A Paris, Bibliothèque nationale de France, gr. 1470, fols. 98^v–108^r (ca. 890)

B Paris, Bibliothèque nationale de France, gr. 897, fols. 131^v–157^r (12th cent.) ~ Pinakes; Gallica

C Paris, Bibliothèque nationale de France, Coislin 121, fols. 114^r–117^v, 120^r–121^v(1343)

D Paris, Bibliothèque nationale de France, gr. 635, fols. 171^r–189^r (14th cent.) ~ Pinakes; Gallica

F Messina, Biblioteca Regionale Universitaria ‘Giacomo Longo’, San Salvatoris 3, fols. 117^r–132^r (1141)

G Vienna, Österreichische Nationalbibliothek, cod. hist. gr. 116 (olim 36), fols. 94^r–105^v (14th cent.) ~ Pinakes

H Paris, Bibliothèque nationale de France, gr. 1505, fols. 154^v–156^v, 165^r–169^v, 157^r–157^v (12th cent.) ~ Pinakes; Gallica

I Paris, Bibliothèque nationale de France, gr. 979, fols. 294^r–309^v (13th cent.) ~ Pinakes; Gallica

K Paris, Bibliothèque nationale de France, gr. 771, fols. 289^r–297^v (14th cent.) ~ Pinakes; Gallica

L Florence, Biblioteca Medicea Laurenziana, Plut. 9.6, fols. 358^r–370^r (11th cent.) ~ Pinakes; BML

M Vatican, Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana, Palat. gr. 317, fols. 19^v–27^v (11th/13th cent.) ~ Pinakes; Heidelberg

N Vatican, Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana, Vat. gr. 821, fols. 140^v–153^v (11th/12th cent.) ~ Pinakes

O Oxford, New College, 82, fols. 199^v–211^v (11th cent.) ~ Pinakes

P Oxford, Bodleian Library, Barocci 147, fols. 176^r–189^r (15th cent.) ~ Pinakes; Oxford

Q Mount Athos, Mone Batopediou, 422 (olim 368), fols. 132^r–144^r (13th cent.) ~ Pinakes

T Torino, Biblioteca Nazionale Universitaria, C.IV.4 (13th cent.) ~ Pinakes

Additional manuscripts:

Athens, Ethnikē Bibliothēkē tēs Hellados, gr. 422, fols. 297^r–309^r (1546)

Jerusalem, Patriarchikē bibliothēkē, Panagios Taphos gr. 66, fols. 142^v–160^v (15th/16th cent.)

Jerusalem, Patriarchikē bibliothēkē, Hagiou Saba 13, fols. 115^r–126^v (10th/11th cent.)

Milan, Biblioteca Ambrosiana, F 99 sup. (Martini-Bassi 353), fols. 106^v–114^r(11th cent.)

Paris, Bibliothèque Jean de Vernon, ICP, IFEB 34, fols. 1^r–15^v(1599)

Vatican, Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana, Ott. gr. 1, fols. 273^v–282^r(11th cent.)

Weimar, Herzogin Anna Amalia Bibliothek, Q.729, fols. 82^v–101^v (11th cent.)

Lipsius, Richard A. and Maximilien Bonnet, eds. Acta apostolorum Apocrypha. 2 vols. in 3. Leipzig: H. Mendelssohn, 1891–1903. Repr. Hildesheim: Olms, 1972 (introduction, vol. 1, pp. lvii–xc; Latin text with facing shorter Greek text from E, pp. 118–77; longer Greek text, pp. 178–222).

Piñero, Antonio, and Gonzalo del Cerro. Hechos apócrifos de los Apóstoles. 3 vols. Madrid: Biblioteca de Autores Cristianos, 2011 (Greek edition based on Lipsius-Bonnet with facing Spanish translation, vol. 3, pp. 365–429).

Thilo, Johann Karl. Acta ss. apostolorum Petri et Pauli. 2 vols. Halle: Orphanotrophei, 1837–1838 (editio princeps of Greek text based on A and B with facing Latin text from Latin manuscripts G and H).

Tischendorf, Constantin. Acta apostolorum apocrypha. Leipzig: Avenarius et Mendelssohn, 1851 (edition based on A–F, pp. 1–39; introduction, pp. xiv–xxi).

3.1.7 Latin (BHL 6657–6659)

Lipsius-Bonnet base their edition on 22 manuscripts, and they lists another 56 witnesses; listed here are their primary witnesses with their sigla. D’Anna has identified over 180 manuscripts (related via private correspondence).

A St. Gall, Stiftsbibliothek 561, fols. 1^r–20^r (9th-10th cent.) ~ e-codices

B Bern, Burgerbibliothek A 94.12, fols. 13^r–16^v (11th cent.) ~ e-codices

C Paris, Bibliothèque nationale de France, nouv. acq. lat. 2179, fols. 194^r–200^v (10th cent.) ~ BNF

D Paris, Bibliothèque nationale de France, lat. 5201, fols. 90^r–99^r (10th-11th cent.)

E Paris, Bibliothèque Mazarine 1708 (1318), fols. 8^v–26^r (10th/11th cent.) ~ Calames

F Florence, Biblioteca Medicea Laurenziana, Plut. 30 sin. 4, fols. 332^r–336^r (11th cent.) ~ Mirabile

G Wolfenbüttel, Herzog August Bibliothek Weissenburg, 48, fols. 22^v–32^v (9th cent.) ~ preceded by Martyrdom of Peter (BHL 6663) and Martyrdom of Paul (BHL 6474-75)

H Wolfenbüttel, Herzog August Bibliothek, Helmst. 497, fols. 16^v–26^v (ca. 1000) ~ preceded by Martyrdom of Peter (BHL 6663) and Martyrdom of Paul (BHL 6474-75) ~ Herzog August Bibliothek Wolfenbüttel Handschriftendatenbank

I Paris, Bibliothèque nationale de France, lat. 12596, fols. 144^v–155^r (11th cent.) ~ Mirabile

K Paris, Bibliothèque nationale de France, lat. 12602, fols. 1^v–6^r (12th cent.)

L London, British Library, Arundel 169, fol. 4^v (12th cent.) ~ CATALOG

M Munich, Bayerische Staatsbibliothek, Clm. 4554, fols. 3^r–12^r(8th/9th cent.) ~ prefaced by Martyrdom of Paul 1–3

N Montpellier, Bibliothèque de la Faculté de médicine, 55, fols. 2^r–8^v (ca. 800)

O Paris, Bibliothèque nationale de France, nouv. acq. lat. 2180, fols. 185^r–193^v (10th cent.)

P Paris, Bibliothèque nationale de France, lat. 5274, fols. 7^v–15^r (12th cent.) ~ Mirabile

Q Paris, Bibliothèque nationale de France, lat. 12606, fols. 61^r–63^r (12th cent.)

R Cassino, Abbey of Montecassino 142, p. 6 (11th cent.)

S Vienna, Österreichische Nationalbibliothek 1262, fols. 138^r–145^r (14th cent.)

T Cassino, Abbey of Montecassino 147, p. 10 (11th cent.)

U Vatican City, Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana, Urb. lat. 49, fols. 135^r–140^r (14th/15th cent.) ~ DigiVatLib

V Vienna, Österreichische Nationalbibliothek 3785, fols. 143^r–148^r (15th cent.)

X Cassino, Abbey of Montecassino 148, p. 2 (11th cent.)

Additional manuscripts:

Angers, Bibliothèque municipale, 281, fols. fols. 122^v–133^v (11th cent.)

Graz, Universitätsbibliothek 412, fols. 1^r–10^v (9th cent.)

Munich, Bayerische Staatsbibliothek, Clm 13074, fols. 16^r–27^r; illustration fol. 15^v (1175)

Munich, Bayerische Staatsbibliothek, Clm. 22020, fols. 9^r–17^v (12th cent.) ~ prefaced by Martyrdom of Paul 1–3

Paris, Bibliothèque St. Geneviève 547, fols. 2^r–9^r (12th cent.) ~ Calames

Paris, Bibliothèque St. Geneviève 558, fols. 2^v–11^v (13th cent.) ~ Calames

Paris, Bibliothèque nationale de France, lat. 5273 (13th cent.)

Paris, Bibliothèque nationale de France, lat. 9427, fols. 198^v–211^r (7th cent.)

Paris, Bibliothèque nationale de France, lat. 12604, fols. 78^v–85^r (12th cent.)

Oslo, The Schøyen Collection 1697 (10th cent.) ~ Schøyen Collection

Lipsius, Richard A. and Maximilien Bonnet, eds. Acta apostolorum Apocrypha. 2 vols. in 3. Leipzig: H. Mendelssohn, 1891–1903. Repr. Hildesheim: Olms, 1972 (Latin text, pp. 118–77).

Fabricius, Johann Albert. Codex Apocryphus Novi Testamenti. 3 vols. 2nd ed. Hamburg: Schiller, 1719 (Latin text, vol. 3, pp. 632–53).

Grau, Ángel Fábrega. Pasionario hispánico, siglos VII–XI. 2 vols. Monumenta Hispaniae Sacra, Serie litúrgica 6. Madrid: Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Clientificas, 1955 (repr. of Lipsius-Bonnet’s Latin text, vol. 2, pp. 283–93).

Nausea, Friedrich. Anonymi Pilalethi Eusebiani in vitas, miracula passionesque apostolorum rhapsodiae. Cologne: Peter Quentel, 1531 (Latin text from unidentified source, pp. 1r–8v).

3.1.8 Middle Irish

Dublin, Royal Irish Academy, 23 P 16 (the Leabhar Breac), pp. 172b–175a (1408–1411)

Atkinson, Robert, ed. and trans. The Passions and the Homilies from Leabhar Breac. Dublin: Royal Irish Academy, 1887 (text, pp. 86–95; English translation, pp. 329–39).

3.1.9 Old English

Blicking Homily 15 in Princeton, Princeton University Library, W.H. Scheide Collection 71 (the Blickling Book), fols. 104^r–119^v (10th cent.)

Kelly, Richard J., ed. and trans. The Blickling Homilies. 2 vols. London and New York: Continuum, 2003–2009.

Morris, Richard, ed. The Blickling Homilies. Early English Text Society, o.s. 58, 63, 73. London: Oxford University Press, 1874–1880; repr. in 1 vol. 1967 (edition and facing English translation, pp. 170–93).

3.2 Modern Translations

3.2.1 English

Eastman, David L. The Ancient Martyrdom Accounts of Peter and Paul. WGRW 39. Atlanta: SBL Press, 2015 (text and translation based on the editions of Lipsius-Bonnet; Latin pp. 221–70; Greek, pp. 271–316).

Lewis, Agnes Smith. The Mythological Acts of the Apostles. Horae semiticae 4. London: Clay, London, 1904 (translation of the Arabic text from Vat. ar. 405, pp. 193–209).

Walker, A. Apocryphal Gospels, Acts and Revelations. Edinburgh: T. & T. Clark, 1873. Repr. as vol. 16 of The Ante-Nicene Christian Library. Edited by Alexander Roberts and James Donaldson. 24 vols. Edinburgh: T. & T. Clark, 1867–1883 (translation of Tischendorf’s Greek text, pp. 256–76).

Winstedt, E. O. “Some Munich Coptic Fragments.” Proceedings of the Society of Biblical Archeology 28 (1906): 137–42, 229–37 (Coptic text, pp. 232–36; English translation, p. 237).

3.2.2 French

Leloir, Louis. Écrits apocryphes sur les apôtres. CCSA 3–4. 2 vols. Turnhout: Brepols, 1986–1992 (translation of Armenian text [BHO 959] from Tchérakian, vol. 1, pp. 1–34; [BHO 962], pp. 35–54).

Migne, Jacques-Paul. Dictionnaire des Apocryphes. 2 vols. 1856. Repr., Turnhout: Brepols, 1989 (based on Thilo’s edition, vol. 2, cols. 715–31).

3.2.3 German

Vetter, Paul. “Die armenischen apocryphen Apostelgeschichten. 1. Die Petrus-und Paulus-Akten.” TQ (1906): 161–86 (German trans. of the short Armenian text, pp. 169–86).

3.2.4 Italian

Erbetta, Mario. Gli apocrifi del Nuovo Testamento. 3 vols. Italy: Marietti, 1975–1981 (vol. 2, pp. 178–92).

Moraldi, Luigi. Apocrifi del Nuovo Testamento. 2 vols. Classici delle religioni, Sezione quarta, La religione cattolica 24. Turin: Unione Tipografico-Editrice Torinese, 1971 (vol. 2, pp. 1041–59).

3.2.5 Spanish

3.3 General Works

D’Anna, Alberto. “The Relationship between the Greek and Latin Recensions of the Acta Petri et Pauli.” StPatr 39 (2006): 331–38.

_____. “Sul testo della Passio Petri et Pauli: Alcune varianti riconsiderate.” Aug 57 (2017): 123–44.

_____. “Gli Atti di Pietro e Paolo ‘dello Pseudo-Marcello’: note sulle redazioni in greco e in latino.” Pages 111–37 in Bilinguismo e scritture agiografiche. Edited by Vincenza Milazzo and Francesco Scorza Barecellona. Sanctorum Scritture, pratiche, immagini 4. Rome: Viella, 2018.

Eastman, David L. The Many Deaths of Peter and Paul. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2019 (passim).

_____. “The Pauline Teachings of Peter in the Apocryphal Acts.” Neot 55 (2021): 89–109.

Ferreiro, Alberto. “Simon Peter and Simon Magus in the Acts of Peter and the Passion of the Holy Apostles Peter and Paul.” Pages 41–66 in XXIX Incontro di studiosi dell’antichità cristiana. Rome, 4–6 Maggio, 2000. SEAug 74. Rome: Augustinianum, 2001. Reprinted as pp. 55–81 of Simon Magus in Patristic, Medieval and Early Modern Traditions. Studies in the History of Christian Traditions 125. Leiden: Brill, 2005.

Hawk, Brandon W. Preaching Apocrypha in Anglo-Saxon England. Toronto Anglo-Saxon Series 30. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2018 (pp. 70–102, 174–87, 213–14).

Lipsius, Richard A. Die apokryphen Apostelgeschichten und Apostellegenden. 2 vols. in 3 parts. Leipzig: Mendelssohn, 1889–1903; reprinted Hildesheim: Georg Olms, 1959; reprinted by the same in 1972 (see vol. 2.1:284–366).

Santos Otero, Aurelio de. “Later Acts of the Apostles.” Pages 426–82 in New Testament Apocrypha. Vol. 2: Writings Related to the Apostles, Apocalypses and Related Subjects. Edited by Wilhelm Schneemelcher. Translated by R. McLachlan Wilson. 6th ed. 2 vols. Louisville, KY: Westminster John Knox, 1992 (see pp. 440–42).

Tajra, Harry W. The Martyrdom of St. Paul: Historical and Judicial Context, Traditions, and Legends. WUNT 2/67. Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck, 1994 (summary and commentary, pp. 143–54).

Vouaux, Leon. Les actes de Pierre: Introduction, textes, traduction et commentaire. Les apocryphes du Nouveau Testament; Documents pour servir a l’étude des origines chretiennes. Paris: Letouzey et Ane, 1922 (pp. 160–78).