Apocalypse of Peter

Apocalypsis Petri

Standard abbreviation: Apoc. Pet.

Other titles: Revelation of Peter

Clavis numbers: ECCA 723; CANT 317

VIAF: 183505416; 219145856871122920117

Category: Apocalypses

Related literature: 1. Apocryphal Apocalypses: Coptic Apocalypse of Peter, Apocalypse of Paul, Apocalypse of the Virgin, Acts of Thomas; 2. Petrine Literature: 2 Peter, Gospel of Peter, Acts of Peter, Acts of Peter and the Twelve Apostles, Coptic Apocalypse of Peter, Pseudo-Clementines, Epistle of Peter to Philip

Compiled by Cambry Pardee, Pepperdine University.

Citing this resource (using Chicago Manual of Style):  Pardee, Cambry. “Apocalypse of Peter.” e-Clavis: Christian Apocrypha. Accessed DAY MONTH YEAR. http://nasscal.com/e-clavis-christian-apocrypha/apocalypse-of-peter/.

Created February 2017. Current as of March 2024.

1. SUMMARY

The Apocalypse of Peter is a Greek composition of the early second century. The text was popular in the East and the West and was considered authoritative by many Christian communities in the third and fourth centuries before it was finally excluded from the canon. The Greek text of Apoc. Pet. is known from three fragmentary Greek manuscripts (A = Akhmîm fragment, late 6th cent.; B = Bodleian fragment, 4th/5th cent.; R = Rainer fragment, 4th/5th cent.), of which A is the longest and was the first to be discovered. Many now accept that B and R belong to the same manuscript. A fuller, and probably older, version of the text is found in two Ethiopic manuscripts (P and T). While Apoc. Pet. has roots in both Western (Greek Orphic) and Eastern (mystery religions) notions of the afterlife, it primarily grows out of the thought world of Jewish apocalyptic. The Greek/Ethiopic Apoc. Pet. is not to be confused with the Coptic Apocalypse of Peter, which was discovered among the texts at Nag Hammadi, or the Arabic Apocalypse of Peter.

In the Greek version of Apoc. Pet., the risen Christ guides Peter in a tour of heaven and hell. In the Ethiopic text, the contents of Apoc. Pet. are cast as Jesus’ prophetic description of future punishment and reward. The Ethiopic text begins on the Mount of Olives, where Christ reveals to Peter that at his coming he will “judge the quick and the dead and recompense every man according to his works.” There follows a vision of hell and the punishments of sinners. Punishments are doled out “in kind”—blasphemers, for instance, are hung over fire by their tongues; female fornicators are hung by their hair and their male companions are strung up by their loins; and murderers are tormented by beasts in the presence of those whose lives they took. Similar punishments are arranged for usurers, child-killers, idolaters, sorcerers, and others. Christ also describes the blessed existence of the righteous, though with little detail.

As dreadful as the description of hell and its punishments are, the intent of Apoc. Pet. does not seem to lie exclusively in Schadenfreude. It must be remembered that in the opening passages of the Ethiopic text Christ and the righteous weep for the afflicted souls of the wicked. Furthermore, in the closing passages, the suffering wicked plea for mercy; an angel replies, “Now do you repent, when it is no longer the time for repentance.” For those in the text, the time of repentance has passed, but for the living wicked, the time for repentance is at hand. Apoc. Pet. is not a celebration of suffering but a warning, a threat, and a call to repentance that might lead to blessedness. Christ himself describes his words as “the source of hope and of life.”

Named historical figures and characters: Abraham (patriarch), Elijah (prophet), Ezrael (angel), Jesus Christ, Isaac (patriarch), Jacob (patriarch), Moses, Peter (apostle), Satan, Temlakos (angel), Tartaros/Tartarouchos (angel), Uriel (angel).

Geographical locations: Field of Akrosja (Acherusia) or Aneslasleja (Elysium), Holy Mountain, Mount of Olives, Tartaros.

2. RESOURCES

2.1 Web Sites and Other Online Resources

“Judeo-Christian Hell Texts.” Hell-on-line. Administrator: Eileen Gardiner. See the entry for “The Apocalypse of Peter.”

“Apocalypse of Peter (Akhmim).” Early Christian Writings (links to online translations and online and print articles).

“Apocalypse of Peter.” Wikipedia.

Goodacre, Mark. “Apocalypse of Peter (Greek text).” NT Blog. 30 June 2017. Online: https://ntweblog.blogspot.com/2017/06/apocalypse-of-peter-greek-text.html. A transcription of the Greek text of the Apocalypse of Peter from the Akhmîm Fragment based on the edition of Klostermann.

2.2 Documentaries

Burns, Kevin, dir. Bible Secrets Revealed, Episode 4: The Real Jesus. 2013. New York: A & E Home Video, 2014. Segment: ?

Remme, Tilman, dir. The Bible Hunters, Episode 2: The Search for Lost Gospels. 2014. BBC2. Segment: 23:30–26:25. (Host Jeff Rose visits Akhmim and discusses  P. Cair. 10759).

Madeja, Geoffrey, dir. Banned from the Bible. The History Channel, Episode 1, 2003. New York: A & E Home Video, 2008. Segment: 1:22–29.

3. BIBLIOGRAPHY

3.1 Manuscripts and Editions

3.1.1 Ethiopic

P    Paris, Bibliothèque nationale de France, Éthiopen d’Abbadie 51, fols. 131r–137r (15th/16th cent.)

T   Tānāsee, Kebran Gabriel Monastery, 35, fols. 46r–59r (18th cent.?)

Buchholz, Dennis D. Your Eyes Will Be Opened: A Study of the Greek (Ethiopic) Apocalypse of Peter. SBLDS 97. Atlanta: Scholars, 1988. (Ethiopic text, Rainer text, and two English translations)

Duensing, H. “Ein Stücke der urchristlichen Petrusapokalypse enthaltender Traktat der äthiopischen pseudoclementinischen Literatur.” ZNW 14 (1913): 65–78.

Grébaut, Sylvain. “Littérature éthiopienne pseudo-Clémentine.” ROC 12 (1907): 139–51. (editio princeps with French translation)

———. “Littérature éthiopienne pseudo-Clémentine. Texte et traduction du traité: ‘La seconde venue du Christ et la résurrection des morts.’” ROC 15 (1910): 198–214, 307–23, 425–39 (editio princeps with French translation).

Marrassini, Paolo. “L’Apocalisse di Pietro.” Pages 171–232 in Etiopia e oltre. Studi in onore di Lanfranco Ricci. Edited by Yaqob Beyene, Rodolfo Fattovich, Paolo Marrassini, and Alessandro Triulzi. Studi Africanistici Serie Etiopica 1. Naples: Dipartimento di Studi e Ricerche su Africa e Paesi Arabi, Istituto Orientale di Napoli, 1994 (Ethiopic text with readings from the Greek witnesses, pp. 221–32; Italian translation, pp. 189–220).

3.1.2 Greek (BHG 1487)

3.1.2.1 Akhmîm Fragment

Alexandria, Bibliotheca Alexandria, BAAM 0522 (formerly Cairo, Museum of Egyptian Antiquities, P. Cair. 10759), pp. 14–20 (6th/7th cent.)

Bouriant, Urbain. “Fragments du texte grec du livre d’Énoch et de quelques écrits attribués à saint Pierre.” Pages 93–147 in Mémoires publiées par les membres de la mission archéologique française au Caire 9. Paris: Leroux, 1892. (editio princeps)

Dieterich, Albrecht. Nekyia: Beiträge zur Erklärung der neuentdeckten Petrusapokalypse. 2nd ed. Berlin: Teubner, 1913.

von Gebhardt, Oscar. Das Evangelium und die Apokalypse des Petrus. Die neuentdeckten Bruchstücke nach einer Photographie der Handschrift zu Gizeh in Lichtdruck herausgegeben. Leipzig: Hinrichs, 1893. (Facsimile with German translation)

Harnack, Adolf von. Bruchstücke des Evangeliums und der Apokalypse des Petrus. TUGAL 9. Leipzig: Hinrichs, 1893, esp. 16–22, 48–54 (with German translation)

Houghton, H. A. G., and Mina Monier. “Greek Manuscripts in Alexandria.” JTS, flaa041. 24 April 2020. https://doi.org/10.1093/jts/flaa041 (article revealing the new location of the Akhmim manuscript).

James, M. R. “The Revelation of Peter: A Lecture on the Newly Recovered Fragment.” Pages 37–82 (89–96, text) in The Gospel According to Peter and the Revelation to Peter: Two Lectures on the Newly Recovered Fragments Together with the Greek Texts. Edited by J. A. Robinson and M. R. James. London, 1892.

Klostermann, Erich. Apocrypha I: Reste des Petrusevangeliums, der Petrusapokalypse und des Kerygma Petri. KlT 3. Berlin: de Gruyter, 1933, 8–13.

Kraus, Thomas J., and Tobias Nicklas. Das Petrusevangelium und die Petrusapokalypse: Die griechischen Fragmente mit deutscher und englischer Übersetzung. GCS, Neue Folge 11. Neutestamentliche Apokryphen 1. Berlin: de Gruyter, 2004. (with German and English translation)

Lods, Adolphe. L’Évangile et l’apocalypse de Pierre avec texte grec di livre d’Henoch. Reproduction en héliogravure du manuscrit d’Enoch et des écrits attribués à Saint Pierre. Mémoires publiées par les membres de la mission archéologique française au Caire 9. Paris: Leroux, 1893.

———. Evengelii secundum Petrum et Petri Apocalypseos quae supersunt ad fidem codicis in Aegypto nuper inventi edidit, cum Latina versionae et dissertation critica. Paris: Leroux, 1892, 29–35, 52–59.

van Minnen, Peter. “The Greek Apocalypse of Peter.” Pages 15–39 in The Apocalypse of Peter. Edited by Jan N. Bremmer and István Czachesz. Studies on Early Christian Apocrypha 7. Leuven: Peeters, 2003. (Palaeographical analysis of P. Cairo 10759 with transcriptions and images of the Bodleian and Rainer fragments in an appendix).

Preuschen, Erwin. “Reste der Petrusapokalypse.” Pages 84–88 (text), 188–192 (translation) in Antilegomena: Die Reste der außerkanonischen Evangelien und urchristlichen Überlieferungen. 2nd ed. Giessen: Töpelmann, 1905. (with German translation)

3.1.2.2 Bodleian Fragment

Oxford, Bodleian Library, Gr. th. f. 4 [P] (BHG 1487b) (van Haelst no. 618) ~ CATALOG

James, M. R. “A New Text of the Apocalypse of Peter.” JTS 12 (1910): 36–54.

———. “A New Text of the Apocalypse of Peter II.” JTS 12 (1911): 362–83. (editio princeps)

———. “A New Text of the Apocalypse of Peter III.” JTS 12 (1911): 573–83.

3.1.2.3 Rainer Fragment (BHG 1487b)

Vienna, Österreichische Nationalbibliothek, G 39756

Adamik, Tamás. “The Description of Paradise in the Apocalypse of Peter.” Pages 78–90 in The Apocalypse of Peter. Edited by Jan N. Bremmer and István Czachesz. Studies on Early Christian Apocrypha 7. Leuven: Peeters, 2003. (with transcription, English translation, and photo)

James, M. R. “The Rainer Fragment of the Apocalypse of Peter.” JTS 32 (1931): 270–79.

Prümm, K. “De genuino apocalypsis Petri textu, examen testium iam notorum et novi fragmenti Raineriani.” Bib 10 (1929): 62–80.

Wessely, Carl. “Les plus anciens monuments du Christianisme écrits sur papyrus.” PO 18.3 (1924): 345–511 at 482–83 (editio princeps).

3.1.3 Latin

Sallmann, Klaus. Die Literatur des Umbruchs von der römischen zur christlichen Literatur, 117 bis 284 n. Chr. Page 406 in Handbuch der lateinischen Literatur der Antike 4. Munich: Beck, 1997. (pertaining to Latin translations)

3.1.4 Church Slavic

de Santos Otero, Aurelio. “Apocalypsis Petri.” Pages 212–13 in Die handschriftliche Überlieferung der altslavischen Apokryphen 1. PTS 20. Berlin: de Gruyter, 1978.

3.2 Modern Translations

3.2.1 Dutch

Klijn A. F. J., ed. Apokriefen van het Nieuwe Testament 2. Kampen, 1984–1985, 205–209.

———. Apocriefe openbaringen, orakels en brieven. Buitenbijbelse aanvullingen op het Nieuwe Testament. Baarn, 2001, 41–56.

3.2.2 English

Bauckham, Richard. “Apocalypse de Pierre. Introduction.” Pages 745–74 in Écrits apocryphes chrétiens 1. Edited by F. Bovon and P. Geoltrain. Paris: Gallimard, 1997.

Beck, Eric J. Justice and Mercy in the Apocalypse of Peter: A New Translation and Analysis of the Purpose of the Text. WUNT 427. Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck, 2019 (pp. 66–73).

———. “Perceiving the Mystery of the Merciful Son of God: An Analysis of the Purpose of the Apocalypse of Peter.” PhD diss., University of Edinburgh, 2018 (composite English translation of the Greek and Ethiopic texts, pp. 99–112).

———. “Translation of the Ethiopic Apocalypse of Peter including the Pseudo-Clementine Framework.” Pages 377–400 in The Apocalypse of Peter in Context. Edited by Daniel C. Maier, Jörg Frey, and Thomas J. Kraus. Studies on Early Christian Apocrypha 21. Leuven: Peeters, 2024.

Ehrman, Bart D. After the New Testament: A Reader in Early Christianity. New York: Oxford University Press, 1999, 296–301.

———. Lost Scriptures: Books That Did Not Make It into the New Testament. New York: Oxford University Press, 2003, 280–88.

Elliott, J. K., ed. “The Apocalypse of Peter.” Pages 593–615 in The Apocryphal New Testament: A Collection of Apocryphal Christian Literature in an English Translation. Oxford: Clarendon, 2005.

Gardiner, Eileen, ed. Visions of Heaven and Hell before Dante. New York: Italica, 1989 (pp. 1–12).

James, M. R. The Apocryphal New Testament. Oxford: Clarendon, 1945 (pp. 505–24).

Maurer, C. and H. Duensing, trans. “Apocalypse of Peter.” Pages 663–83 in Edgar Hennecke. New Testament Apocrypha. Vol. 2: Writings Related to the Apostles, Apocalypses and Related Subjects. Edited by Wilhelm Schneemelcher. Translated by R. McL. Wilson. Philadelphia: Westminster, 1965.

Müller, C. Detlef G. “Apocalypse of Peter.” Pages 620–38 in New Testament Apocrypha. Revised Edition of the Collection Initiated by Edgar Hennecke. Vol. 2: Writings Relating to the Apostles, Apocalypses and Related Subjects. Edited by Wilhelm Schneemelcher. Translated by R. McL. Wilson. Louisville: Westminster John Knox, 2003.

Pick, Bernhard. Paralipomena: Remains of Gospels and Sayings of Christ. Chicago: Open Court Publishing Company, 1908 (pp. 115–23, 151–52).

Rutherford, A. “The Revelation of Peter.” Pages 41–48 in Ante-Nicene Christian Library: Additional Volume 9. Edited by Allan Menzies. Edinburgh: T&T Clark, 1897.

3.2.3 French

Amiot, François. “Apocalypse de Pierre.” Pages 287–95 in La Bible Apocryphe 2: Évangiles Apocryphes. Textes pour l’histoire sacrée 5. Paris: Fayard, 1952.

Marrassini, Paulo. “L’Apocalypse de Pierre.” Pages 755–74 in Écrits apocryphes chrétiens 1. Edited by François Bovon, Pierre Géoltrain, and Sever Voicu. Paris: Gallimard, 1997.

3.2.4 German

Bauer, Johannes Baptist. “Die Petrus-Offenbarung.” Pages 102–105 in Die Neutestamentlichen Apokryphen. Die Welt der Bibel 21. Düsseldorf: Patmos, 1968.

Maurer, C., and H. Duensing, trans. “Offenbarung des Petrus.” Pages 468–83 in Neutestamentliche Apokryphen in deutscher Übersetzung. Vol 2: Apostolisches, Apokalypsen und Verwandtes. E. Hennecke. Edited by Wilhelm Schneemelcher. Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck, 1964.

Michaelis, W. “Petrus-Offenbarung.” Pages 469–81 in Die Apokryphen Schriften zum Neuen Testament, übersetzt und erklärt. Bremen: Schunemann, 1956.

Weinel, H. “Die Offenbarung des Petrus.” Pages 285–90 in Handbuch zu den Neutestamentlichen Apokryphen. Edited by E. Hennecke. Tübingen: Mohr, 1904.

———. “Offenbarung des Petrus.” Pages 314–27 in Neutestamentliche Apokryphen. Edited by E. Hennecke. 2nd ed. Tübingen: Mohr, 1924.

3.2.5 Italian

Erbetta, M. Gli Apocrifi del Nuovo Testamento 3. Lettere e Apocalissi. Torino: Marietti, 1998.

Marrassini, Paolo. “L’Apocalisse di Pietro.” Pages 171–232 in Etiopia e oltre. Studi in onore di Lanfranco Ricci. Edited by Yaqob Beyene, Rodolfo Fattovich, Paolo Marrassini, and Alessandro Triulzi. Studi Africanistici Serie Etiopica 1. Naples: Dipartimento di Studi e Ricerche su Africa e Paesi Arabi, Istituto Orientale di Napoli, 1994 (Ethiopic text with readings from the Greek witnesses, pp. 221–32; Italian translation, pp. 189–220).

Moraldi, L. “Apocalisse di Pietro.” Pages 1803–54 in Apocrifi del Nuovo Testamento 2.

3.2.6 Polish

Starowieyski, Marek, ed. Apokryfy Nowego Testamentu 3. Cracow: Poznán, 2000, 225–41.

3.3 General Works

Aleixo, Ângela Maria Pereira. “O Apocalipse de Pedro: A Narrative da Viagem de Pedro na Perspectiva da Psicologia Histórica de Klaus Berger.” Oracula 9 (2013): 84–94.

Amann, É. “L’Apocalyse [sic.] de Pierre.” Dictionnaire de la Bible, Supplément 1 (1928): 525–27.

Aubineau, Michel. “Le thème du ‘bourbier’ dans la Littérature grecque profane et chrétienne.RSR 33 (1959): 185–214.

Baljon, J. M. S. Het evangelie en de openbaring van Petrus, Textuigaaf. Utrecht, 1896.

Baljon, J. M. S. “De Openbarung van Petrus.” ThSt 12 (1984): 35–48.

Bardenhewer, Otto. “Die Petrusapokalypse.” Pages 610–15 in Geschichte der altkirchlichen Literatur 1. 2nd ed. Freiburg im Breisgau: Herder, 1913.

Batovici, Dan. “Apocalypse of Peter (Greek).” Pages 446–58 in Early New Testament Apocrypha. Edited by J. Christopher Edwards. Ancient Literature for New Testament Studies 9. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 2022.

Bauckham, Richard. “2 Peter and the Apocalypse of Peter.” Pages 290–303 in The Fate of the Dead: Studies on the Jewish and Christian Apocalypses. NovTSup 93. Leiden: Brill, 1998.

———. “2 Peter and the Apocalypse of Peter Revisited: A Response to Jörg Frey.” Pages 261–81 in 2 Peter and the Apocalypse of Peter: Towards a New Perspective. Edited by Jörg Frey, Matthijs den Dulk, and Jan G. van der Watt. BibInt 174. Leiden: Brill, 2019.

———. “The Apocalypse of Peter: A Jewish Christian Apocalypse from the Time of Bar Kokhba.” Apocrypha 5 (1994): 7–111. Repr. in The Fate of the Dead, 160–258.

———. “The Apocalypse of Peter: An Account of Research.” ANRW 2.25.6. Berlin: de Gruyter, 1988, 4712–50.

———. “Augustine, The ‘Compassionate’ Christians, and the Apocalypse of Peter.” Pages 149–59 in The Fate of the Dead: Studies on the Jewish and Christian Apocalypses. NovTSup 93. Leiden: Brill, 1998.

———. “The Conflict of Justice and Mercy: Attitudes to the Damned in Apocalyptic Literature.” Apocrypha 1 (1990): 181–196. Repr. in The Fate of the Dead, 132–48.

———. “Early Jewish Visions of Hell.” JTS 41 (1990): 355–85.

———. The Fate of the Dead: Studies on the Jewish and Christian Apocalypses. NovTSup 93. Leiden: Brill, 1998.

———. “Jews and Jewish Christians in the Land of Israel at the Time of the Bar Kochba War, with Special Reference to the Apocalypse of Peter.” Pages 228–38 in Tolerance and Intolerance in Early Judaism and Christianity. Edited by Graham N. Stanton and Guy G. Stroumsa. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1998.

———. “The Martyrdom of Enoch and Elijah: Jewish or Christian?” JBL 95 (1976): 447–58.

———. “The Martyrdom of Peter in Early Christian Literature.” ANRW 2.26.1. Berlin: de Gruyter, 1992, 539–95, esp. 570–77.

———. “Other Petrine Pseudepigrapha.” Pages 148–49 in Jude, 2 Peter. WBC 50. Waco, TX: Word Books, 1983.

———. “A Quotation from 4Q Second Ezekiel in the Apocalypse of Peter.” RevQ 59 (1992): 437–46. Repr. in The Fate of the Dead, 259–68.

———. “The Two Fig Tree Parables in the Apocalypse of Peter.” JBL 104 (1985): 269–87.

Baumeister, Theofried. “Die Didache und die Petrusapokalypse.” Pages 248–51 in Die Anfänge der Theologie des Martyriums. Münsterische Beiträge zur Theologie 45. Münster: Aschendorff, 1980.

Baumstark, A. “Zitate und Spuren der Petrusapokalypse in einem äthiopischen Texte.” OrChr 4 (1904): 398–405.

Bausi, Alessandro. “On the Manuscript Tradition of the Ethiopic Maṣḥafa Qalemǝnṭos (Book of Clement, CAe 1957). News from Eritrea.” Pages 299–317 in The Apocalypse of Peter in Context. Edited by Daniel C. Maier, Jörg Frey, and Thomas J. Kraus. Studies on Early Christian Apocrypha 21. Leuven: Peeters, 2024.

———. “Towards a Re-Edition of the Ethiopic Dossier of the Apocalypse of Peter: A Few Remarks on the Ethiopic Manuscript Witnesses.” Apocrypha 27 (2016): 179–96.

Beck, Eric J. “The Apocalypse of Peter: The Relationship of the Versions.” Pages 117–30 in Beyond Canon: Early Christianity and the Ethiopic Textual Tradition. Edited by Meron T. Gebreananaye, Logan Williams, and Francis Watson. Library of New Testament Studies. London: T & T Clark, 2021.

———. Justice and Mercy in the Apocalypse of Peter: A New Translation and Analysis of the Purpose of the Text. WUNT 427. Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck, 2019 (published version of 2018 PhD diss.).

———. “Perceiving the Mystery of the Merciful Son of God: An Analysis of the Purpose of the Apocalypse of Peter.” PhD diss., University of Edinburgh, 2018.

Becker, Ernest J. A Contribution to the Comparative study of the Medieval Visions of Heaven and Hell. Baltimore: John Murphy Company, 1899, esp. 29–49.

Berger, Klaus. “Unfehlbare Offenbarung: Petrus in der gnostischen und apokalyptischen Offenbarungsliteratur.” Pages 261–326 in Kontinuität und Einheit: Für Franz Mußner. Edited by Paul-Gerhard Müller and Werner Stenger. Freiburg, Herder, 1981.

Bienert, Wolfgang A. “The Picture of the Apostle in Early Christianity.” Pages 5–25 in Writings Related to the Apostles, Apocalypses and Related Subjects. Edited by Edgar Hennecke and Wilhelm Schneemelcher. Translated by R. McL. Wilson. Louisville: Westminster John Knox, 2003.

Blázquez, J. M. “Los castigos del infierno cristiano en el Apocalipsis de Pedro.” Pages 331–42 in Miedo y religion. IV Simposio Internacional de la Sociedad Españolo de Ciencias de las Religiones. Edited by F. D. de Velasco. Madrid: Editiones del Orto, 2002.

Bolyki, János. “False Prophets in the Apocalypse of Peter.” Pages 52–62 in The Apocalypse of Peter. Edited by Jan N. Bremmer and István Czachesz. Studies on Early Christian Apocrypha 7. Leuven: Peeters, 2003.

Bonwetsch, N. “Zur Apokalypse des Petrus.” Theologisches Literaturblatt 33 (1912): 121–23.

Bratke, E. “Handschriftliche Überlieferung und Bruchstücke der arabisch-äthiopischen Petrusapokalypse.” ZWT 36 (1893): 454–93.

Bremmer, Jan N. “The Apocalypse of Peter as the First Christian Martyr Text: Its Date, Provenance and Relationship with 2 Peter.” Pages 75–98 in 2 Peter and the Apocalypse of Peter: Towards a New Perspective. Edited by Jörg Frey, Matthijs den Dulk, and Jan G. van der Watt. BibInt 174. Leiden: Brill, 2019.

———. “The Apocalypse of Peter, 2 Peter and Sibylline Oracles II. Alexandrian Debates?” Pages 153–77 in The Apocalypse of Peter in Context. Edited by Daniel C.
Maier, Jörg Frey, and Thomas J. Kraus. Studies on Early Christian Apocrypha 21. Leuven: Peeters, 2024.

———. “The Apocalypse of Peter: Greek or Jewish?” Pages 1–14 in The Apocalypse of Peter. Edited by Jan N. Bremmer and István Czachesz. Studies on Early Christian Apocrypha 7. Leuven: Peeters, 2003.

———. “Bibliography of the Apocalypse of Peter.” Pages 200–203 in The Apocalypse of Peter. Edited by Jan N. Bremmer and István Czachesz. Studies on Early Christian Apocrypha 7. Leuven: Peeters, 2003.

———. “Christian Hell: From the Apocalypse of Peter to the Apocalypse of Paul.” Numen 56 (2009): 298–325.

———. Maidens, Magic and Martyrs in Early Christianity. WUNT 379. Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck, 2017.

———. “Orphic, Roman, Jewish, and Christian Tours of Hell: Observations on the Apocalypse of Peter.” Pages 318–21 in Other Worlds and Their Relation to This World: Early Jewish and Ancient Christian Traditions. Edited by Tobias Nicklas, Joseph Verheyden, Erik Eynikel, and Florentino Garcia Martiniz. Supplements to the Journal for the Study of Judaism 143. Leiden: Brill, 2010.

———. The Rise and Fall of the Afterlife: The 1995 Read-Tuckwell Lectures at the University of Bristol. London: Routledge, 2002.

Bremmer, Jan N., and István Czachesz, eds. The Apocalypse of Peter. Studies on Early Christian Apocrypha 7. Leuven: Peeters, 2003.

Burge, S. R. “‘ZR’L, the Angel of Death and the Ethiopic Apocalypse of Peter.” JSP 19 (2010): 217–224.

Burke, Tony. Secret Scriptures Revealed: A New Introduction to the Christian Apocrypha. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2013, esp. 95–99.

Cabrol, F. “La découverte du manuscrit d’Akhmîm: l’Evangile et l’Apocalypse de saint Pierre et le livre du prophète Enoch.” Revue des Facultés catholiques de l’Ouest (1983): 570–590.

Callon, Callie. “Sorcery, Wheels, and Mirror Punishment in the Apocalypse of Peter.” JECS 18 (2010): 29–49.

Černuškova, Veronika. “Delimitation and Context of References to the Apocalypse of Peter in Clement of Alexandria’s Eclogae Propheticae.” Pages 53–74 in Studia Patristica 110. Papers Presented at the Eighteenth International Conference on Patristic Studies held in
Oxford 2019: Volume 7: Clement of Alexandria. Edited by Markus Vinzent. Leuven: Peeters, 2021.

Chapius, P. “L’Évangile et l’Apocalypse de Pierre.” RTP 26 (1893): 338–55.

Charlesworth, James H. “A History of Pseudepigrapha Research. The Re-emerging Importance of the Pseudepigrapha.” ANRW 2.19.1. Berlin: de Gruyter, 1979, 54–88.

Charlesworth, James H., and James R. Mueller. The New Testament Apocrypha and Pseudepigrapha: A Guide to Publications, with excurses on Apocalypses. ATLA Bibliography Series 17.  Metuchen, NJ: American Theological Library Association and Scarecrow Press, 1987, 317–21.

Chiappelli, Alessandro. “Il nuovo frammento dell’Apocalisse di Pietro.” Nuova antologia 3:47 (1893): 112–122.

———. “I frammenti ora scoperti d’un evangelio e d’un’apocalisse di Pietro.” Nuova antologia 3:46 (1893): 212–38.

Collins, Adela Yarbro. “The Early Christian Apocalypses.” Semeia 14 (1979): 61–121, esp. 72–73.

Copeland, Kirsti B. “Sinners and Post-Mortem ‘Baptism’ in the Acherusian Lake.” Pages 91–107 in The Apocalypse of Peter. Edited by Jan N. Bremmer and István Czachesz. Studies on Early Christian Apocrypha 7. Leuven: Peeters, 2003.

Cowley, Roger W. “The Ethiopic Work Which Is Believed to Contain the Material of the Ancient Greek Apocalypse of Peter.” JTS 36 (1985): 151–53.

———. “The Identification of the Ethiopian Octateuch of Clement and Its Relationship to the Other Christian Literature.” Ostkirchliche Studien 27 (1978): 37–45.

Czachesz, István. “The Grotesque Body in the Apocalypse of Peter.” Pages 108–26 in The Apocalypse of Peter. Edited by Jan N. Bremmer and István Czachesz. Studies on Early Christian Apocrypha 7. Leuven: Peeters, 2003.

———. “Why Body Matters in the Afterlife: Mind Reading and Body Imagery in Synoptic Tradition and the Apocalypse of Peter.” Pages 391–411 in The Human Body in Death and Resurrection. Edited by Tobias Nicklas, F. V. Reiterer, and Joseph Verheyden. Deuterocanonical and Cognate Literature Yearbook. Berlin: de Gruyter, 2009.

Davies, John Gordon. He Ascended into Heaven: A Study in the History of Doctrine. London: Lutterworth, 1958.

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