Gospel of Pseudo-Matthew

Pseudo-Matthaei evangelium

Standard abbreviation: Ps.-Mt.

Other titles: none

Clavis numbers: ECCA 545; CANT 51

VIAF: 183474707

Category: Infancy Gospels

Related literature: Book of the Nativity of the Savior, Infancy Gospel of Thomas, Nativity of Mary, Protevangelium of James

Compiled by: Brandon W. Hawk, Rhode Island College ([email protected]).

Citing this resource (using Chicago Manual of Style): Hawk, Brandon W. “Gospel of Pseudo-Matthew.” e-Clavis: Christian Apocrypha. Accessed DAY MONTH YEAR.  https://www.nasscal.com/e-clavis-christian-apocrypha/gospel-of-pseudo-matthew/.

Created March 2017. Current as of April 2023.

1. SUMMARY

Despite the designation of an “infancy gospel,” the majority of this Latin text does not feature Jesus directly. Much of the narrative revolves around the parents of Mary, Anna and Joachim, as well as the birth and life of Mary; it then relates Mary’s marriage to Joseph, the birth of Jesus and visits by the shepherds and wise men, as well as the flight into Egypt and a series of Jesus’ childhood miracles. Most of Ps.-Mt. is based on the Protevangelium of James, but it is heavily adapted and expanded. The narrative begins by introducing Joachim and Anna, who live according to Israelite law but have no children after twenty years of marriage. When Joachim goes to the temple to offer a sacrifice, it is rejected because of the couple’s infertility, and Joachim leaves civilization for the mountains. When Anna laments to God about her infertility and lost husband, both she and Joachim encounter a series of angelic visits that bring them back together and promise them a child. The child, Mary, is born and dedicated to the temple, where she is taken at the age of three to live with a community of virgins. When she reaches the age of fourteen, Mary is no longer allowed to live in the temple and the priests consult God about a plan to choose a proper husband for Mary. Through a test, Joseph is revealed to be the divine choice for Mary’s husband. The text then relates Joseph and Mary’s journey to Bethlehem, where Mary gives birth to Jesus in a cave. Joseph brings to the cave a midwife, who inspects Mary and proclaims that she is a virgin even after childbirth. Another midwife overhears this and doubts, until she is also allowed to inspect Mary; her hand withers for her unbelief, until she touches the cloths in which baby Jesus has been swaddled, and she is healed. The visits of the shepherds and the Magi (as well as their encounter with Herod) follow, in line with the canonical accounts. The last several chapters concern the flight into Egypt and some of Jesus’ childhood miracles, including: Jesus subduing a group of dragons, the veneration of Jesus by wild animals along the road, a palm tree bending to allow Mary to eat its fruit at Jesus’ command, Jesus creating a shortcut to shorten a thirty-day journey to one day, as well as the veneration of Jesus by the idols of pagan gods and the governor in the Egyptian temple. In some later manuscripts, the childhood miracles are extended with the inclusion of other episodes from an early Latin version of the Infancy Gospel of Thomas, often called the pars altera. In some even later manuscripts, further episodes are added from another (later) Latin translation of the Infancy Gospel of Thomas.

Named historical figures and characters: Abiathar (high priest), Afrodisius (Egyptian governor), Anna (mother of Mary), Joachim (father of Mary), Jesus Christ, Joseph (of Nazareth), Mary (Virgin), Reuben (priest), Salome (midwife), Zahel (midwife).

Geographical locations: Bethlehem, Egypt, Jerusalem, Nazareth, Sohennen, temple (Jerusalem).

2. RESOURCES

2.1 Art and Iconography

Chair of Maximianus (Alexandria of Constantinople; late 6th cent.): features carved ivory panels of scenes from the lives of Mary and Jesus. One depicts the water trial (Ps.-Mt. 12) and another the nativity with the midwife and ox and ass (Ps.-Mt. 13–14).

Holkham Bible Picture Book (London, British Library, Add. 47682; ca. 1327–1335): Described as “A biblical picture book with explanatory text of varying length, sometimes in rhyming couplets, in Anglo-Norman French, with some English.” The images related to Ps.-Mt. and other infancy gospels include: f. 14r, St Joseph warned by an angel; the Flight into Egypt; robbers seize the Virgin Mary’s cloak and St Joseph’s tools. f. 14v, Miracles during the journey to Egypt (from the gospel of Pseudo-Matthew): the holy family pass by two men sowing corn; the miracle of the growing corn, with Herod’s soldiers interrogating the sower while the corn has already grown. f. 15r, Three further miracles during the Flight, from Pseudo-Matthew: the episodes of the bitter water, the bowing date-palm tree, and the falling idols. f. 15v, Five miracles of Christ’s infancy: the miraculous spring provides water for the Virgin Mary, the Christ child revives a boy who has fallen from a tower, while the father offers a vessel to Mary; Christ climbs a mountain of water; Christ seated on a sunbeam; Christ mends broken pots; f. 16r, Two further miracles from Christ’s childhood: children turned into pigs when they are hidden in an oven; Christ dyes cloth different colors.

Echmiadzin Book Covers (Matenadaran Library, Yerevan, Armenia; 6th cent.): includes an image of the swaddled Christ lying in a manger attended by an ox and an ass (cf. Ps.-Mt. 14).

Ivory Book Covers (Tesoro del Duomo, Milan; 5th cent.): includes an image of the swaddled Christ lying in a manger attended by an ox and an ass (cf. Ps.-Mt. 14).

Klosterneuburger Evangelienwerk (Schaffhausen, Stadtbibliothek, Gen. 8). The oldest copy of a German synthesis of biblical and apocryphal stories about Jesus (many from Ps.-Mt. and its later additions) and the apostles, with over 400 drawings to illustrate the text, created in Austria around 1340. The manuscript is available online at e-codices.

Manchester-St Petersburg-Berlin-Louvre Book Cover (ca. 6th–8th cent.): includes images of the annunciation to Anna (cf. Ps.-Mt. 2), the annunciation to Mary (cf. Ps.-Mt. 8), the water trial (cf. Ps.-Mt. 12), the journey to Bethlehem (cf. Ps.-Mt. 13:1–4), and a Nativity scene with a midwife and the ox and ass (cf. Ps.-Mt. 13–14).

Queen Mary Psalter (London, British Library, Royal MS 2 B VII, fol. 68r; 14th cent.): an illumination of the “Holy Kinship,” a family tree of Mary related to the Trinubium Annae, which is found in the Q family of Ps.-Mt. manuscripts. For other manuscripts with such illuminations, see Kathleen Doyle, “The Holy Kinship,” Medieval manuscripts blog, posted 3 September 2020, online: https://blogs.bl.uk/digitisedmanuscripts/2020/09/the-holy-kinship.html.

Pyxis with Scenes from the Infancy of Christ (Berlin, Staatliche Museen preussischer Kulturbestiz, Fruhchristlich-Byzantinische Sammlung, 585; 6th cent.): includes images of the annunciation to Mary (cf. Ps.-Mt. 8), the journey to Bethlehem (cf. Ps.-Mt. 13:1–4), and a Nativity scene with a midwife and the ox and ass (cf. Ps.-Mt. 13–14).

Milan, Biblioteca Ambrosiana, L 58 sup. (14th cent.): contains the Evangelica historia, an illustrated life of Christ drawn from canonical and noncanonical sources, including tales from the Gospel of Pseudo-Matthew and other stories of Jesus’ childhood.

Paris, Bibliothèque nationale de France, lat. 2688 (15th cent.) features a number of illuminations of key events in the story (link to manuscript provided below).

Cartlidge, David R., and J. Keith Elliott. Art and the Christian Apocrypha. London: Routledge, 2001 (pp. 88–116).

Hawk, Brandon W. “Gospel of Pseudo-Matthew in Images.” Links to digitized images online from medieval sources.

Lafontaine-Dosogne, Jacqueline. Iconographie de l’enfance de la Vierge dans l’Empire byzantin et en Occident. 2 vols. 1964–1965; 2nd ed. Brussels: Academie royale de Belgique 1992.

Sarcophagus of Marcus Claudianus (Museo Nazionale Romano al Palazzo Massimo, Rome; 4th cent.): includes an image of the swaddled Christ lying in a manger attended by an ox and an ass (cf. Ps.-Mt. 14).

Sheingorn, Pamela. “Reshapings of the Childhood Miracles of Jesus.” Pages 254–92 in The Christ Child in Medieval Culture: Alpha es et O! Edited by Mary Dzon and Theresa M. Kenney. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2012. A study of two illustrated Ps.-Mt. related manuscripts: Paris, Bibliothèque nationale de France, lat. 2688 and Milan, Ambrosian Library, SP II 64 (olim L. 58 sup).

The Tring Tiles (British Museum and Victoria and Albert Museum, London; ca. 1300 CE): feature images based on the stories from Ps.-Mt. and Infancy Thomas and other free-floating tales. The images on the tiles very closely resemble those in the manuscript Oxford, Bodleian Library, MS. Selden Supra 38 (fols. 1–36), which contains a version of Ps.-Mt. in French.

2.2 Web Sites

“Gospel of Pseudo-Matthew.” Wikipedia.

3. BIBLIOGRAPHY

3.1 Manuscripts and Editions

3.1.1 Latin (BHL 5334–5342)

Gijsel lists 290 manuscripts in his critical edition (CCSA 9), plus another 7 in “Nouveaux témoins”; Hawk identifies a further manuscript in “New Witness.” For each textual family, I list the earliest witnesses with Gijsel’s sigla.

A

A2a1  London, British Library, Add. 11880 (ca.820, Regensburg)

A3a1  Budapest, Széchényi Bibl. Nat., Clmae 316 (9th cent., Salzburg)

A1c1  Paris, Bibliothèque nationale de France, lat. 5327, fols. 61v–73r and fols. 191v–197v and 202v (10th cent., Saint-Amand-les-Eaux)

A1a2  Rheims, Bibliothèque municipale, 1395, fols. 2r–17r (ca. 850, Rheims)

A1a1  Vienna, Österreichische Nationalbibliothek, 550, fols. 85r–93v (9th cent., Northern France)

A3a3  Vienna, Österreichische Nationalbibliothek 289 (10th cent., Salzburg)

P

P1y1  Karlsruhe, Badische Landesbibliothek, Fragmentum 94 (Aug. 248) (ca.850, Reichenau)

P1b3  Paris, Bibliothèque nationale de France, nouv. acq. lat. 1605 (9th cent., Orleans)

P1c1  Vatican, Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana, Pal. lat. 430, fols. 133r–139v) (ca. 840, South-Western Germany)

Q

Q1a1  Vatican, Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana, Reg. lat. 648, fols. 7r–23v (12th/13th cent., Rheims)

Q4a1  Cambridge, Corpus Christi College, 288, fols. 65v–78v (12/13th cent., Cambridge)

Q4a2  Vatican, Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana, Vat. lat. 4578, fols. 32r–35r (14th cent.)

R

R1b4  Berlin, Staatsbibliothek, Preußischer Kulturbesitz, Theol. lat. qu. 369 (13th cent., Northern France)

R2c1  Paris, Bibliothèque nationale de France, lat. 5560 (13th/14th cent.)

Also significant is the earliest witness to the “J Compilation,” which combines a Latin version of Protevangelium of James with the Gospel of Pseudo-Matthew and the Book of the Nativity of the Savior (fols. 94r–97v):

Ja1 (M1) Montpellier, Bibliothèque de la Faculté de médicine, 55, fols. 94r–97v (ca. 800, likely Metz or Worms), including synthesis of Latin translation of Prot. Jas. 1:1–7:3 and Ps.-Mt. 1–4. This is the earliest witness to the text of Ps.-Mt.

Additional Manuscripts:

A1a4  Rheims, Bibliothèque municipale, 582, fols. 86r–88v (13th cent.)

A1a7  Vatican, Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana, Vat. lat. 4265, fols. 220r–227v (14th cent.)

A1f5  Munich, Bayerische Staatsbibliothek, Clm 28189, fols. 260r–261r (12/13th cent.), chs. 1–5 only

A2b1  Einsiedeln, Stiftsbibliothek, 250 (382), pp. 332–62 (ca. 1150)

A3b1  Munich, Bayerische Staatsbibliothek, Clm 19105, fols. 1–32r (ca. 1000)

A4a1  Engelberg, Stiftsbibliothek, 2, fols. 94v–99v (12th cent.)

A4a6  Madrid, Biblioteca nacional, 9783, fols. 110v–115v (13–15th cent.) ~ composite text with portions of Nativity of Mary and Infancy Gospel of Thomas

A4a8  Berkeley, University of California, Bancroft Library, UCB 020, fols. 1r–20v (12th cent.)

A1e2  Copenhagen, Arnamagnaean Institute, AM 76 8vo, fols. 94v–104v (ca. 1460–1480)

A1f2  Graz, Universitätsbibliothek, 65, fols. 194r–195v (ca. 1200; additions 14/15th cent.)

A1f3  Graz, Universitätsbibliothek, 83, fols. 3r–5r (12th cent., additions from 14th cent.)

P1a5  Vercelli, Biblioteca Capitolare LXXIII, fols. 182r–189v (12th cent.)

P1c2  Karlsruhe, Badische Landesbibliothek, K 506, fols. 1r–11v (12th-13th cent.)

P2bx3/Ja6  Vienna, Österreichische Nationalbibliothek, Cod. 13707, fols. 203r–207r (1472)

P1y1  Karlsruhe, Badische Landesbibliothek, Fragment 94 (ca. 850)

Q1b1  Vienna, Österreichische Nationalbibliothek, Cod. 4753, fols. 116r–117r (1315–1329, France)

Q2b1 Cambridge, Corpus Christi College, 441, pp. 415–438 (13th cent., Canterbury)

Q3a7  Vatican, Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana, Vat. Lat. 6300, fols. 87r–127v (15th cent.)

Q3a5  London, British Library, Harley 3199, fols. 95v–109v (14th cent.)

Q4b5  Paris, Bibliothèque nationale de France, lat. 11867, fols. 166r–170r (13th cent.)

Q6a2 Vienna, Österreichische Nationalbibliothek, Cod. 930, fols. 206r–216r (1488)

Q6b2  Vatican, Biblioteca Apostolica  Vaticana, Vat. lat. 348 fols. 442r–450r (1449)

Q6b6 Paris, Bibliothèque nationale de France, lat. 2688, fols. 1r–64v (15th cent.) ~ lavishly illuminated

Q8a1  Karlsruhe, Badische Landesbibliothek, Aug. 63, fols. 25r–31r (1385)

Ja2  Milan, Biblioteca Trivulziana, N 430, fols. 37r57r (12th cent.)

Ja3  London, British Library, Arundel 404, fols. 1r–19r (14th cent.)

Ja4  Trier, Stadtbibliotek, 550/1538, fols. 9r47v (end 14th cent.)

Ja5  Trèves, Stadtbibliotek, 615/1558, fols. 47r–63r (15th cent.)

Jb1 (JH)  Hereford, Cathedral Library, O.III.9, fols. 114v–133v (13th cent.)

Jb2  Alençon, Bibliothèque municipale, 17, fols. 99r–121r (13th cent.)

Dimier-Paupert, Catherine. Livre de l’Enfance du Sauveur: Une version médiévale de l’Évangile de l’Enfance du Pseudo-Matthieu (XIIIe siècle). Paris: Éditions du Cerf, 2006. Edition of an expanded Q-text (Paris, BnF lat. 11867, see above), including the pars altera and added episodes from a later Latin translation of Inf. Gos. Thom.

Gijsel, Jan, ed. Libri de nativitate Mariae: Pseudo-Matthaei Evangelium, textus et commentarius, Libellus de nativitate sanctae Mariae, textux et commentarius. CCSA 9. Turnhout: Brepols, 1997.

Jones, Jeremiah. A New and Full Method of Settling the Canonical Authority of the New Testament. 3 vols. 1726. Repr., Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1827, 2:101–27.

Schade, Oscar. Liber de Infantia Mariae et Christi Salvatoris, ex codice Stuttgartensi Descripsit. Halle an der Saale: Libraria Orphanotrophei, 1869.

Schneider, Gerhard. Apokryphe Kindheitsevangelien. New York: Herder, 1995, 213–55.

Thilo, Johann Karl. Codex apocryphus Novi Testamenti. Leipzig: Vogel, 1832, 337–400.

Tischendorf, Constantin von, ed. Evangelia Apocrypha. Leipzig: Hermann Mendelsohn, 1853; 2nd ed., 1876, 52–112.

3.1.2 Old English (Vercelli Homily 6)

Vercelli, Biblioteca Capitolare di Vercelli, MS CXVII (the Vercelli Book), fols. 54v–56r (10th cent.)

Förster, Max, ed. Die Vercelli-Homilien zum ersten Male herausgegeben. Bibliothek der angelsächsischen Prosa 12. Hamburg: Grand, 1932. Repr. as Die Vercelli-Homilien, I.—VIII. Homilie. Edited by Max Förster. Darmstadt: Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft, 1964.

Kemble, J. M., ed. and trans. The Poetry of the Codex Vercellensis, with an English Translation. London: Aelfric Society, 1856.

Krapp, George Philip, ed. The Vercelli Book. The Anglo-Saxon Poetic Records 2. New York: Columbia University Press, 1932.

Scragg, D. G., ed. The Vercelli Homilies and Related Texts. Early English Text Society, o.s. 300. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1992.

3.1.3 Welsh

Aberystywth, National Library of Wales, Peniarth 5, fols. 14r–20r (ca. 1350)

Aberystywth, National Library of Wales, Peniarth 14, pp. 116–136 (ca. 1250–1350)

Aberystwyth, National Library of Wales, Peniarth 27.iii, pp. 1–17 (ca. 1450–1500)

3.2. Concordances and Synopses

Elliott, J. K. A Synopsis of the Apocryphal Nativity and Infancy Narratives. NTTS 34. Leiden and Boston: Brill, 2006; 2nd ed. 2016.

3.3 Modern Translations

3.3.1 Dutch

Tukker, C. A. Enige Nieuwtestamentische apocriefe geschriften. Utrecht: De Banier, 1984 (pp. 26–48).

3.3.2 English

Cowper, B. Harris. The Apocryphal Gospels and Other Documents Relating to the History of Christ. 7th ed. London: David Nutt, 1910 (translation of Tischendorf’s text, pp. 27–83).

Ehrman, Bart D., and Zlatko Pleše. The Apocryphal Gospels: Texts and Translations. Oxford: Oxford UP, 2011 (translation of A-text with notes for biblical sources, pp. 73–113).

Elliott, J. K. The Apocryphal New Testament: A Collection of Apocryphal Christian Literature in an English Translation. Oxford: Oxford UP, 1993; rev. repr. 1999 (translation of the spurious prefatory letters, Ps.-Mt. 13–14, 18–25, and pars altera 35–36, 40, and 42, pp. 84–99).

Giles, J. A. The Uncanonical Gospels and Other Writings, Referring to the First Ages of Christianity. 2 vols. London: D. Nutt, 1852 (translation of Thilo’s text, vol. 1 pp. 66–89).

Hawk, Brandon W. The Gospel of Pseudo-Matthew and the Nativity of Mary. Early Christian Apocrypha 8. Eugene, OR: Cascade Books, 2019 (translation of the spurious prefatory letters, Gijsel’s A-text, Tischendorf’s pars altera, and other later additions in Dimier-Paupert, with commentary).

__________. “Miracles in Apocryphal Infancy Narratives.” Pages 138–46 in Medieval Disability Sourcebook: Western Europe. Edited by Cameron Hunt McNabb. Earth, Milky Way: punctum books, 2020 (selections from Ps.-Mt. 13, pars altera 31, and later additions in Dimier-Paupert 58 and 61).

Hone, William. The Apocryphal New Testament. 4th ed. 1820. Repr., Philadelphia, Gebbie & Co., 1890 (reprinting of Jeremiah Jones’s translation, pp. 17–24).

James, M. R. The Apocryphal New Testament. Oxford: Oxford UP, 1924 (translation of the spurious prefatory letters and summary of Ps.-Mt. including the pars altera, pp. 70–80).

Walker, Alexander, trans. Apocryphal Gospels, Acts and Revelations. Edinburgh: T. & T. Clark, 1870 (translation of Tischendorf’s text including the pars altera, pp. 16–52).

3.3.3 French

Gijsel, Jan. “Évangile de l’Enfance du Pseudo–Matthieu.” Pages 105–40 in volume 1 of Écrits apocryphes chrétiens. Edited by François Bovon and Pierre Geoltrain. Paris: Gallimard, 1997 (translation of the A-text).

Michel, Charles. Évangiles apocryphes, 2nd ed. Paris: Librairie Alphonse Picard & Fils, 1924 (pp. 54–158).

Migne, Jacques-Paul. Dictionnaire des Apocryphes. 2 vols. 1856. Repr., Turnhout: Brepols, 1989 (vol. 1, col. 1059–88).

3.3.4 German

Bock, Emil. Die Kindheit Jesu: Zwei apocryphe Evangelien. Munich, 1924.

Cullman, Oscar. “Kindheistevangelien.” Pages 330–72 in Neutestamentliche Apokryphen in deutscher Übersetzung, Bd. 1. Evangelien und Verwandtes. Edited by Wilhelm Schneemelcher. 6th ed. Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck, 1990 (extracts translated pp. 363–69). English translation: “Infancy Gospels: Later Infancy Gospels.” Pages 456–65 of New Testament Apocrypha, vol. 1, Gospels and Related Writings. Edited by Wilhelm Schneemelcher. Translated by R. McL. Wilson. Rev. ed. 2 vols. Louisville, KY: Westminster/John Knox Press, 1991 (extracts translated pp. 462–65).

Ehlen, Oliver. “Das Pseudo-Matthäusevangelium.” Pages 983–1002 in vol. 1.2 of Antike christliche Apokryphen in deutscher Übersetzung. Edited by Christoph Markschies and Jens Schröter. Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck, 2012.

Schneider, Gerhard. Apokryphe Kindheitsevangelien. New York: Herder, 1995 (pp. 213–55).

3.3.5 Italian

Erbetta, Mario. Gli Apocrifi del Nuovo Testamento. 3 vols. Turin: Casale Monferrato, 1981 (vol. 1.2, pp. 44–70).

Moraldi, Luigi. Apocrifi del Nuovo Testamento. 2 vols. Classici delle religioni, Sezione quarta, La religione cattolica 24. Turin: Unione Tipografico-Editrice Torinese, 1971 (vol. 1:195–239).

3.3.6 Spanish

De Santos Otero, Aurelio. Los Evangelios apócrifos. 6th ed. Madrid: Editorial Católica, 1988 (pp. 171–216).

3.4 General Works

Amann, Émile. Le Protévangile de Jacques et ses remaniements latins: Introduction, textes, traduction et commentaire. Les apocryphes du Nouveau Testament. Paris: Letouzey et Ané, 1910 (pp. 272–339).

Berthold, Michael. “Zur Datierung des Pseudo-Matthäus-Evangeliums.” Wiener Studien 102 (1989): 247–49.

Beyers, Rita. “La règle de Marie: caractère littéraire et inspiration monastique.” Apocrypha 22 (2011): 49–86.

__________. “The Transmission of Marian Apocrypha in the Latin Middle Ages.” Apocrypha 23 (2012): 117–40.

Boulton, M. B. M. The Old French Évangile de l’Enfance. Studies and Texts 70. Toronto: Pontifical Institute of Medieval Studies, 1984.

Burke, Tony. De infantia Iesu euangelium Thomae graece. CCSA 17. Turnhout: Brepols, 2010.

Canal, José M. “Antiguas Versiones Latinas del Protoevangelio de Santiago.” Ephemerides Mariologicae 18 (1968): 431–73.

__________. “En torno al Evangelio del Pseudo–Mateo.” Marianum 60 (1998): 197–237.

Clayton, Mary. The Apocryphal Gospels of Mary in Anglo-Saxon England. Cambridge Studies in Anglo-Saxon England 2. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 1998.

Duriez, Georges. Les Apocryphes dans la drame religieux en Allemagne au Moyen Age. Lille: J. Tallandier, 1914 (pp. 69–111).

Dzon, Mary. The Quest for the Christ Child in the Later Middle Ages. The Middle Ages. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2017.

Elliott, J. K. “Christian Apocrypha and the Developing Role of Mary.” Pages 269–88 in The Oxford Handbook of Early Christian Apocrypha. Edited by Andrew Gregory and Christopher Tuckett. Oxford: Oxford UP, 2015.

Gijsel, Jan. Die unmittelbare Textüberlieferung des sogenannten Pseudo–Matthäus. Verhandelingen van de Koninklijke Academie voor Wetenschappen, Letteren en Schone Kunsten van België, Klasse der Letteren 96. Brussels: Paleis der Academiën, 1981.

__________. “Nouveaux témoins du pseudo–Matthieu.” Sacris Erudiri 41 (2002): 273–300.

Hawk, Brandon W. “Bede’s ‘Adesto, Christe, uocibus’ and the Gospel of Pseudo-Matthew.” Notes and Queries ns 69 (2022): 173–76.

__________. “Biblical Apocrypha as Medieval World Literature.” The Medieval Globe 6.2 (2020): 49–83.

__________. “The Gospel of Pseudo-Matthew, the Rule of the Master, and the Rule of Benedict.Revue Bénédictine 128.2 (2018): 281–93.

__________. “A New Witness to the Gospel of Pseudo-Matthew: A Sermon in Vercelli, Biblioteca Capitolare LXXIII.” Sacris Erudiri 59 (2020): 183–200.

__________. Preaching Apocrypha in Anglo-Saxon England. Toronto Anglo-Saxon Series 30. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2018.

__________. “Preaching the Gospel of Pseudo–Matthew in Anglo–Saxon England.” Pages 207–30 in Fakes, Forgeries, and Fictions: Writing Ancient and Modern Christian Apocrypha, Proceedings from the 2015 York University Christian Apocrypha Symposium. Edited by Tony Burke. Eugene, OR: Cascade, 2017.

__________. “Versions of the Gospel of Pseudo-Matthew in Early England.” Philological Quarterly 99.3 (2020): 99 (2020): 245–67.

Jastrzebowska, Elisabeth. Bild und Wort: Mareienleben und die Kindheit Jesu in der christlichen Kunst vom 4. bis 8. Jh und ihre apocryphen Quellen. Vorabdruck der Habilitationsschrift. Varsovie, 1992.

Kaestli, Jean-Daniel. “Le Protévangile de Jacques en latin. État de la question et perspectives nouvelles.” Revue de l’Histoire des Textes 26 (1996): 41–102.

Nils-Arvid, Bringéus. “The Rest on the Flight into Egypt: A Motif in Scandanavian Folk Art.” Folklore 114 (2003): 323–33.

Philippart, Guy. “Le Pseudo-Matthieu au risque de la critique textuelle.” Scriptorium 38 (1984): 121–31.

Reinsch, Robert. Die Pseudo-Evangelien von Jesu und Maria’s Kindheit in der romanischen und germanischen Literatur. Halle: Max Niemeyer, 1879.

Stipčević, Vesna Badurina. “The Gospel of Pseudo-Matthew in Croatian Glagolitic Texts.” Palaeobulgarica 4 (2022): 165–82.

Voicu, Sever J. “La tadition latine des Paidika.” Bulletin de l’AELAC 14 (2004): 13–21.