Acts of Peter

Acta Petri

Standard abbreviation: Acts Pet.

Other titles: Actus Vercellenses, Vercelli Acts, Actus Petri cum Simone

Clavis numbers: ECCA 933; CANT 190

VIAF: 185068871

Category: Apocryphal Acts

Related literature: Act of Peter, Acts of Christ and Peter in Rome, Act of Peter in Azotus, Acts of Peter by Clement, Acts of Peter and Paul (Coptic), Acts of the Holy Apostles Peter and Paul, Disputation of Peter and Nero, Encomium on Paul, by Nicetas of Paphlagonia; Martyrdom of Blessed Peter the Apostle (Ps.-Linus), Martyrdom of Peter and Paul, Passion of the Apostles Peter and Paul, Passion of the Holy Apostles Peter and Paul (Ps.-Marcellus), Passion of Peter, Passion of Peter and Paul (Ps.-Hegesippus), Hypomnema on Peter and Paul, History of Simon Cephas, the Chief of the Apostles, Preaching of Peter, Preaching of Peter (Arabic) Preaching of Simon Cephas in the City of Rome, Travels of Peter

Compiled by Julia A. Snyder, Westcott House, Cambridge ([email protected])

Citing this resource (using Chicago Manual of Style): Snyder, Julia A. “Acts of Peter.” e-Clavis: Christian Apocrypha. Accessed DAY MONTH YEAR. https://www.nasscal.com/e-clavis-christian-apocrypha/acts-of-peter/.

Created July 2021. Current as of February 2023.

1. SUMMARY

Acts Pet. recounts a confrontation between the apostle Peter and a “magician” named Simon, and gives an account of Peter’s martyrdom in Rome. The primary witness to the first part of the story is a single Latin manuscript (Vercellensus). Several Greek manuscripts of the martyrdom are extant.

In the Latin text, the story begins with the apostle Paul. Paul has been preaching in Rome and has made a number of converts. He is then told in a vision to go to Spain. He departs. A sorcerer named Simon arrives in Rome a few days later. Almost all of the new converts are led astray by Simon and fall away from the faith. The few who remain pray for God to send someone to help them.

Christ appears to Peter in Jerusalem and sends him to Rome. On the way, Peter instructs and baptizes the captain of his ship. When Peter arrives in Rome, he publicly laments Satan’s wiles. Those who have fallen away begin to return to the faith as Peter preaches and performs miracles.

Peter publicly confronts Simon, sending messages via a talking dog and a talking baby. A public contest between Peter and Simon is set for the coming Sabbath. In the meantime, Peter tells the faithful about a previous occasion on which Simon had deceived a woman in Judea and robbed her, and how Peter had exposed the plot. Peter also preaches about Christ, and some blind widows are healed.

The planned contest between Peter and Simon takes place in front of a large crowd, including senators and other Roman officials. There is a short verbal exchange between Peter and Simon, followed by a contest of miracles. Three different people are raised from the dead by the power of Peter’s god. Simon manages to get the head of one dead person to move and open its eyes, but not to revive anyone.

A few days later, Simon makes a last attempt to impress the Roman crowds, by flying. Simon starts to fly, but Peter prays and Simon falls down and breaks his leg. Simon later dies.

Peter’s continued ministry in Rome leads some of his followers to start refusing to have sex with their partners. The Roman prefect Agrippa and a friend of Caesar named Albinus become angry at being denied sex, and Agrippa arranges to have Peter arrested. Peter is persuaded by some of his followers to try to escape from the city, but returns voluntarily after an encounter with Christ. Peter is crucified upside down at his own request. Nero hears that he is dead, and is upset because he had wanted to punish Peter more severely.

Based on the description of the Acts of Peter in the Stichometry of Nicephorus, the Vercelli Acts seems to be somewhat shorter than the text known to the Stichometrist. This has led to theories that some early versions of the Acts of Peter may have contained additional anecdotes, such as a story about Peter’s daughter mentioned by Augustine (the Coptic Act of Peter may be a version of the latter tale). Many scholars do not think this anecdote was part of the early Acts of Peter, however.

Named historical figures and characters: Agrippa (prefect), Agrippina, Agrippinus, Albinus, Antulus, Ariston (of Puteoli), Balbus, Barnabas, Berenice (of Rome), Caiaphas, Candida, Castor (of Terracina), Chryse, Cleobis (of Caesar’s household), Demetrius (senator), Dionysius (of Asia), Eubula, Euphemia (of Rome), Gemellus, Herod Agrippa, Holy Spirit, Iphitis (of Caesar’s household), Italicus, James (son of Zebedee), Jesus Christ, John (son of Zebedee), Judas Iscariot, Lysimachus, Marcellus (senator), Virgin Mary, Moses (patriarch), Narcissus (of Rome), Nero, Nikaria (of Rome), Nicostratus, Paul (apostle), Pharaoh, Peter (apostle), Philostrata, Pompey (governor), Quartus, Rufina, Satan, Simon (Magus), Theon, Timothy, Xanthippe (wife of Albinus.

Geographical locations: Adriatic (sea), Aricia, Caesarea, Italy, Jerusalem, Judea, Macedonia, Neapolis, Puteoli, Rome, Spain, Terracina, Tiber River.

2. RESOURCES

2.1 Online Resources:

“Acts of Peter.” Wikipedia.

Grunge. “The Untold Truth of St. Peter.” Youtube. Posted 10 February 2020. (a collection of video clips of canonical and noncanonical tales of Peter.)

“Simon Peter in Scripture and Memory.” Bodleian Libraries. (A companion website of source material for books by Markus Bockmuehl).

2.2 Art and Iconography

Jonah Sarcophagus (Museo Pio Cristiano, Vatican City; ca. 290 CE): includes a depiction of the arrest of Peter.

Cycles of Peter and Paul, Monreale Cathedral: 12th/13th-century mosaics illustrating the careers of the apostles drawn principally from Acts but  featuring scenes of the apostles disputing with Simon before Nero, Simon’s fall from the sky, and both apostles’ martyrdoms.

Sarcophagus of Junius Bassus (Museo Storico del Tesoro della Basilica di San Pietro, Vatican City; 395 CE): includes a depiction of the arrest of Peter, who appears with two guards.

Sarcophagus of Marcus Claudianus (Museo Nazionale Romano al Palazzo Massimo, Rome; 4th cent.): includes a depiction of the arrest of Peter, who appears with two guards.

Trees Sarcophagus (Museo Pio Cristiano, Vatican City; ca. 340–350 CE): includes a depiction of the arrest of Peter, who appears with two guards.

3. BIBLIOGRAPHY

3.1 Manuscripts and Editions

3.1.1 Acts of Peter

3.1.1.1 Arabic (Garšūnī Script)

Vatican, Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana, Vat. sir. 199, fols. 207v–210v (1545) ~ a portion of Peter and Simon in Rome

3.1.1.2 Church Slavic

Lviv, Komarnjanǐsǐkyj Prolog, fols. 51–53 (=Otero 13)

Zagrev, Jugoslavenska Akademija, III.a.10 (Kukuljević 405), fols. 45–49 (16th cent.) (=Otero 25)

Otero, Aurelio de Santos. Die handschriftliche Überlieferung der altslavischen Apokryphen. 2 vols. PTS 20 and 23. Berlin: De Gruyter, 1978–1981 (manuscripts listed under Acta Petri, vol. 1 pp. 52–59 ~ see nos. 2–4, 6, 11–13, 16–17, 20, 25, 27, 28, 30).

Franko, Ivan. Apokrifi i legendy z ukraïns’kich rukopisiv. 5 vols. Lviv: Nakladom Naukovoho Tovaristva îmeni Ševčenka, 1898 (edition from the Lviv Prolog, vol. 3, pp. 12–13).

Strohal, Rudolf. Stare hrvatske apokrifne priče i legend. Sabrao iz starih hrvatskih glagolskih rukopisa od 14–18 vijeka Rudolf Strohal. Bjelovar: Tisak i naklada Lav. Weiss-a, 1917 (edition of the Zagreb manuscript, pp. 30–32).

Thomson, Francis J. Review of Aurelio de Santos Otero, Die handscriftliche Überlieferung der altslavischen Apokryphen, vol. 1. Slavonic and East European Review 58 [1980]: 256–68 at 257–58 (with corrections to de Santos Otero).

3.1.1.3 Greek (BHG 1482z)

London, British Library, Pap. 2041 (P. Oxy. VI 849) (4th cent.)

3.1.1.4 Latin (BHL 6656)

V  Vercelli (Italy), Biblioteca Capitolare di Vercelli, MS 158 (7th cent.) ~ Earlier Latin Manuscripts

Döhler, Marietheres, ed. Acta Petri: Text, Übersetzung und Kommentar zu den Actus Vercellenses. TUGAL 171. Berlin: Walter de Gruyter, 2018.

Lipsius, Richard Adelbert, and Max Bonnet, eds. Acta apostolorum apocrypha. 2 vols. in 3 parts. Leipzig: Mendelssohn, 1889–1903; reprinted Hildesheim: Georg Olms, 1959; reprinted by the same in 1972 (vol. 1, pp. 45–103).

Vouaux, Leon. Les actes de Pierre: Introduction, textes, traduction et commentaire. Les apocryphes du Nouveau Testament; Documents pour servir a l’étude des origines chretiennes. Paris: Letouzey et Ane, 1922 (includes Act of Peter, Vercelli Codex, Greek martyrdoms, and the Oxyhrynchus fragment).

3.1.2 Martyrdom of Peter

3.1.2.1 Arabic

3.1.2.1.1 Arabic Script

Beirut, Bibliothèque Orientale de l’Université Saint Joseph, 1426 (1855)  ~ contents unconfirmed

Cairo, Coptic Catholic Patriarchate Library, Graf 472 (18th  cent.)

Cairo, Coptic Catholic Patriarchate Library, Hist. 1 (13th/14th  cent.)

Cairo, Coptic Catholic Patriarchate Library, Hist. 2 (14th  cent.)

Cairo, Coptic Catholic Patriarchate Library, Hist. 3 (1626)

Cairo, Coptic Catholic Patriarchate Library, Hist. 6 (not dated) ~ contents unconfirmed

Cairo, Coptic Catholic Patriarchate Library, Hist. 16 (15th cent.)

Cairo, Coptic Museum, 60, fols. 71r–78v (19th cent.)

Florence, Biblioteca Nazionale Centrale di Firenze, Magl. III 29, fols. 19r–23r (ante 1664)

Leipzig, Universitätsbibliothek, Or. 1067 (Tischendorf 32) (15th cent.)

Oxford, Bodleian Library, Bodl. Ar. 541 (Nicoll 49), fols. 6r–9r (18th cent.)

Paris, Bibliothèque nationale de France, Arabe 74, fols. 14r–19v (13th cent.)

Paris, Bibliothèque nationale de France, Arabe 75, fols. 18v–24v (16th cent.)

Paris, Bibliothèque nationale de France, Arabe 4770, fols. 8v–16r (19th cent.)

Paris, Bibliothèque nationale de France, Arabe 4771, fols. 176r–182r (19th cent.)

Vatican, Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana, Borg. ar. 223 (1729)

Vatican, Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana, Sbath 500, fols. 15r–21r (15th cent.)

Vatican, Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana, Vat. ar. 694, fols. 6v–11r (14th cent.)

Bausi, Alessandro. “Alcune osservazioni sul Gadla ḥawāryāt.” Annali dell’Istituto Orientale di Napoli 60–61 (2001–2002): 77–114 (list of 31 Arabic manuscripts of the Arabic acts collection, pp. 97–101).

Graf, Georg. Geschichte der christlichen arabischen Literatur. 5 vols. Studi e testi 118, 133, 146–147, 172. Rome: Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana, 1944–1953 (survey of Arabic manuscripts, vol. 1, pp. 259–62).

3.1.2.1.2 Garšūnī Script

Edgbaston, University of Birmingham, Mingana Syr. 40, fols. 17r–23v  (ca. 1750)

Paris, Bibliothèque nationale de France, syr. 179, fols. 56r–58v (1575) ~ portion

Paris, Bibliothèque nationale de France, syr. 232, fols. 213v–217r (17th cent.)

Vatican, Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana, Sbath 124, fols. 9v–15v (16th cent.)

3.1.2.2 Armenian (BHO 933–934)

Paris, Bibliothèque nationale de France, Arm. 110, fols. 583r–585r (1194)

Paris, Bibliothèque nationale de France, Arm. 118, fols. 299–300 (1307)

Venice, Biblioteca dei Padri Mechitaristi San Lazzaro degli Armeni, 228 (olim 653), item 153 (1847)

Leloir, Louis. Écrits apocryphes sur les apôtres. CCSA 3–4. 2 vols. Turnhout: Brepols, 1986–1992 (translation of Armenian text from Tchérakian, vol. 1:64–76; additional manuscripts listed pp. xx–xxiv).

Tchérakian, Chérubin. Ankanon girkh arakhelakankh: Thankgaran haykakan hin ew nor deprutheankh. Venice: Òazar, 1904 (edition based on V 653, pp. 1–29).

Vetter, Paul. “Die armenischen apokryphen Apostelakten I: Das gnostische martyrium Petri.” OrChr 1 (1901): 217–39 (Armenian text from BNF 110 and 118 with parallel Greek retrotranslation, pp. 221–30).

3.1.2.3 Church Slavic

Moscow, Russian State Library Srbije, V. M. Undol’skij 1296, fols. 239r–249v (15th/16th cent.) (=Otero 17)

3.1.2.4 Coptic

3.1.2.4.1 Sahidic (BHO 941–942; CC0568; PAThs entry; see links for editions)

CLM 1998, pp. 101–105 (ca. 10th cent.)

MONB.BY, pp. 83–84 (ca. 10th cent.)

MONB.GQ, pp. 3–16 (ca. 10th cent.)

MONB.MQ, pp. 7–10, 13–14, 17 (ca. 10th cent.)

Moscow, Puškin Museum, GMII I.1.b.686, fols. 1r–11r (5th cent.) (PAThs entry)

Cairo, Coptic Museum, 13446, fols. 51r–52v (7th/8th cent.)

Lemm, Oscar von. “Koptische apokryphe Apostelacten II.” Mélanges Asiatiques 10.2 (1892): 293–385 (edition of the Moscow manuscript with German translation and a portion of MONB,MQ, pp. 300–45, with discussion, pp. 346–52; includes two plates).

Piwowarczyk, Przemysław. “Preliminary Remarks on the Recently Identified Leaves with Martyrium Petri from Shekh Abd el-Gurna.” Adamantius 24 (2018): 184–94.

3.1.2.4.2 Copto-Arabic Synaxarion

The Copto-Arabic Synaxarion includes some details of the story for June 29 (5 Epep).

Basset, René. “Le Synaxaire arabe jacobite (rédaction copte) V: les mois de Baounah, Abib, Mésoré et jours complémentaires.” Patrologia orientalis 17 (1923): 525–782 (edition and translation of the summary of the text in the Copto-Arabic Synaxarion, pp. 622–25).

3.1.2.5 Ethiopic

3.1.2.5.1 Ethiopic text (BHO 940)

London, British Library, Or. 678, fols. 11v–17v (15th cent.)

London, British Library, Or. 683, fols. 32v–36v (17th cent.)

London, British Library, Or. 685, fols. 14v16v (18th cent.)

Manchester, John Rylands University Library, Eth. 6, fols. 1r–7r (19th cent.)

Bausi, Alessandro. “Alcune osservazioni sul Gadla ḥawāryāt.” Annali dell’Istituto Orientale di Napoli 60–61 (2001–2002): 77–114 (list of 31 manuscripts of the Ethiopic acts collection, pp. 93–97).

Budge, E. A. Wallis. Gadla Ḥawâryât: The Contendings of the Apostles, Being the Lives and Martyrdoms and Deaths of the Twelve Apostles and Evangelists. 2 vols. London: Frowde, 1899–1901 (Ethiopic text based on British Library, Or. 678 and 683, vol. 1, pp. 37–49).

Pisani, Vitagrazia. “The apocryphal Acts of the Apostles: unknown witnesses from East Tәgray.” Pages 75–93 in Essays in Ethiopian Manuscript Studies. Proceedings of the International Conference Manuscripts and Texts, Languages and Contexts: the Transmission of Knowledge in the Horn of Africa. Hamburg, 17–19 July 2014. Edited by Alessandro Bausi, Alessandro Gori, and Denis Nosnitsin. Supplements to Aethiopica 4. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz, 2015 (descriptions of ten Ethiopic manuscripts cataloged for the Ethio-SPaRe project).

3.1.2.5.2 The Ethiopian Synaxarion (first recension) includes a summary of the martyrdom for 5 Hamle (June 29 Julian).

Budge, Ernest A. W. The Book of the Saints of the Ethiopian Church: A Translation of the Ethiopic Synaxarium: Made from the Manuscripts Oriental 660 and 661 in the British Museum. 4 vols. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1928 (English translation from the entry for 5 Hamle, vol. 2, pp. 1067–68).

3.1.2.6 Georgian Synaxarion (for December 28)

Athos, Iviron, 8 (10th cent.)

Athos, Iviron, 57 (10th/11th cent.)

Mount Sinai, Monē tēs Hagias Aikaterinēs, georg. 32, 57, 33, and N 89 (Sinai mravaltavi), fols. 234r–239v (864)

Tblisi, National Center of Manuscripts, A-19 (Tbeti mravaltavi) (10th cent.)

Tblisi, National Center of Manuscripts, A-95 (Parxal mravaltavi) (11th cent.)

K‘urc‘ikiże, C‘iala. Kartuli versiebi aṗoḳripebis mocikulta šesaxeb [Georgian Versions of the Apocryphal Acts of the Apostles]. Tbilisi: Sakartvelos SSR mecnierebata akademiis gamomcemloba, 1959 (edition based on the three mravaltavi and Iviron 57).

Marr, Nicholas. “Le synaxaire géorgien: Redaction ancienne de l’Union arméno-géorgienne.PO 19 (1926): 629–742 (edition and French translation based on Iviron 57, pp. 715–25).

3.1.2.7 Greek (BHG 1483–85)

Patmos, Monē tou Hagio Iōannou tou Theologou, 48,  fols. 308r–314r (9th cent.) ~ Pinakes; Dumbaton Oaks

A  Mount Athos, Monē Batopediou, 84, fols. 174r–177v (9th/10th cent.) ~ Pinakes

O  Ohrid, Naroden Muzej, 44 (Mošin 70), pp. 500–508 (11th cent.)

Eastman, David L. The Ancient Martyrdom Accounts of Peter and Paul. WGRW 39. Atlanta: SBL Press, 2015 (Greek text of Lipsius and translation of the martyrdom on facing pages, pp. 6–25).

Lipsius, Richard Adelbert, and Max Bonnet, eds. Acta apostolorum apocrypha. 2 vols. in 3 parts. Leipzig: Mendelssohn, 1889–1903; reprinted Hildesheim: Georg Olms, 1959; reprinted by the same in 1972 (text based on P and A, vol. 1, pp. 78–103).

Zwierlein, Otto. Petrus in Rom: die literarischen Zeugnisse. Mit einer kritischen Edition der Martyrien des Petrus und Paulus auf neuer handschriftlicher Grundlage. UALG 96. Berlin/New York: Walter de Gruyter, 2009 (Greek edition of the martyrdom incorporating O, pp. 404–25, with facing German translation).

3.1.2.8 Sogdian (fragment from the miracle contest with Simon but varies greatly from the Greek and Syriac texts)

Berlin, Berlin-Brandenburgische Akademie der Wissenschaften, E29 (olim C22), fol. 6

Müller, Friedrich W. K. “Soghdische Texte II.” SPAW 21 (1934): 504–607 (edition and German translation, pp. 528–30).

Sims-Williams, Nicholas. Mitteliranische Handschriften 4: Iranian Manuscripts in Syriac Script in the Berlin Turfan Collection. Stuttgart: Franz Steiner, 2012 (description of manuscript, pp. 165–68)

E30 (olim C44), fols. 1-2 6 Bks Dorm; catalog 169-71

E27/56 on apostles, p. 112-14

3.1.2.9 Syriac

London, British Library, Add. 12172, fols. 13r–17r (10th cent.)

London, British Library, Add. 14732, fols. 223r–224r (13th cent.)

3.2 Modern Translations

3.1.1 Dutch

Klijn, A.F.J. Apokriefen van het Nieuwe Testament. Kampen: Kok, 1984.

3.1.2 English

Budge, E. A. Wallis. The Contendings of the Apostles. 2 vols. London: Frowde, 1899–1901 (translation of the Ethiopic version of the Martyrdom, vol. 2, pp. 32–42).

Eastman, David L. The Ancient Martyrdom Accounts of Peter and Paul. WGRW 39. Atlanta: SBL Press, 2015 (Greek text of Lipsius and translation of the martyrdom on facing pages, pp. 6–25).

Elliott, J. K. The Apocryphal New Testament. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1993 (pp. 390–426).

James, Montague Rhodes. The Apocryphal New Testament: Being the Apocryphal Gospels, Acts, Epistles, and Apocalypses. Oxford: Clarendon, 1924; corrected edition, 1953 (pp. 300–36).

Malan, Solomon C. The Conflicts of the Holy Apostles: An Apocryphal Book of the Early Eastern Churches. London: Nutt, 1871 (translation of the Ethiopic version of the Martyrdom from Rylands Eth. 6, pp. 1–10).

Pick, Bernhard, trans. The Apocryphal Acts of Paul, Peter, John, Andrew and Thomas. Chicago: Open Court Publishing Co., 1909 (pp. 50–122).

Stoops, Robert F., Jr. The Acts of Peter. Ed. Julian Hills. ECA 4. Salem, OR: Polebridge, 2012.

3.1.3 French

Amiot, François. La Bible apocryphe: Évangiles apocryphes. Paris: Fayard, 1952 (includes Act of Peter, Vercelli Codex, Greek martyrdoms, and the Oxyhrynchus fragment).

Nau, François. “La version syriaque inédite des martyres de S. Pierre, S. Paul et S. Luc d’après un manuscript du dixième siècle.” ROC 3 (1898): 39–42, 151–67 (French translation of the Syriac martyrdom based on BL 12172 and 14732, pp. 43–50).

Poupon, Gérard, trans. “Actes de Pierre.” Pages 1041–114 in Écrits apocryphes chrétiens. Vol. 1. Edited by François Bovon and Pierre Geoltrain. Bibliothèque de la Pléiade 442. Paris: Gallimard, 1997 (Act of Peter, Story of the Gardener, the Discourse of Peter, the Vercelli Acts, and the Martyrdom).

Vouaux, Leon. Les actes de Pierre: Introduction, textes, traduction et commentaire. Les apocryphes du Nouveau Testament; Documents pour servir a l’étude des origines chretiennes. Paris: Letouzey et Ane, 1922 (includes Act of Peter, Vercelli Codex, Greek martyrdoms, and the Oxyhrynchus fragment).

3.1.4 German

Ficker, Gerhard. “Petrusakten.” Pages 395–491 in Handbuch zu Neutestamentlichen apokryphen in deutscher Übersetzung. Edited by Edgar Hennecke. Tübingen: J. C. B. Mohr, 1924.

———. “Actus Vercellenses: Einleitung.” Pages 226–30 in Neutestamentlichen Apokryphen. Edited by Edgar Hennecke. 2d ed. Tübingen: J. C. B. Mohr, 1924.

———. “Petrusakten.” Pages 383–423 in Neutestamentliche Apokryphen in Verbindung mit Fachgelehrten in deutscher Obersetzung und mit Einleitungen. Edited by Edgar Hennecke. Tübingen/Leipzig: Mohr-Siebeck, 1904.

online-bullet———. “Petrusakten.” Pages 395–491 in Handbuch zu Neutestamentlichen apokryphen in deutscher Übersetzung. Edited by Edgar Hennecke. Tübingen: J. C. B. Mohr, 1904.

———. Die Petrusakten: Beiträge zu ihrem Verständnis. Leipzig: J. A. Barth, 1903.

Lemm, Oscar von. “Koptische apokryphe Apostelacten II.” Mélanges Asiatiques 10.2 (1892): 293–385 (edition of the Moscow Coptic manuscript of the Martyrdom with German translation, pp. 300–45, with discussion, pp. 346–52; includes two plates).

Michaelis, Wilhelm. Die apokryphen Schriften zum Neuen Testament. 4th ed. Sammlung Dieterich 129. Bremen: Carl Schünemann Verlag, 1964 (selections from Codex Vercellensis, pp. 317–79).

Schneemelcher, Wilhelm. “Petrusakten.” Pages 243–89 in Neutestamentliche Apokryphen in deutscher Übersetzung. Vol 2: Apostolisches, Apokalypsen und Verwandtes. E. Hennecke. Edited by Wilhelm Schneemelcher. 5th German edition. Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck, 1989. (ET: “The Acts of Peter.” Pages 271–321 in vol. 2 of New Testament Apocrypha. Edited by Wilhelm Schneemelcher. Translation edited by R. McL. Wilson. 2 vols. Louisville: Westminster/john Knox, 1991–1992).

———. “Petrusakten.” Pages 177–22 in Neutestamentliche Apokryphen in deutscher Übersetzung. Vol 2: Apostolisches, Apokalypsen und Verwandtes. E. Hennecke. Edited by Edgar Hennecke and Wilhelm Schneemelcher. Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck, 1964 (ET: “The Acts of Peter.” Pages 259–322 in vol. 2. of New Testament Apocrypha. Edited by Edgar Hennecke and Wilhelm Schneemelcher. Translation edited by R. McL. Wilson. 2 vols. London: Lutterworth; Philadelphia: Westminster, 1962–1965).

Zwierlein, Otto. Petrus in Rom: die literarischen Zeugnisse. Mit einer kritischen Edition der Martyrien des Petrus und Paulus auf neuer handschriftlicher Grundlage. UALG 96. Berlin/New York: Walter de Gruyter, 2009 (Greek edition of the martyrdom incorporating manuscript O, pp. 404–25, with facing German translation).

3.1.5 Italian

Erbetta, Mario. Gli apocrifi del Nuovo Testamento. 3 vols. Italy: Marietti, 1975–1981 (vol. 2, pp. 135–210).

Guidi, Ignazio. “Gli Atti apocrifi degli Apostoli nei testi copti, arabi ed etiopici.” Giornale della Società asiatica italiana 2 (1888): 1–66 (translation of the Vatican Sahidic fragments of the Martyrdom, pp. 23–35).

Moraldi, Luigi, ed. and trans. Apocrifi del Nuovo Testamento. 2 vols. Classici delle religioni, Sezione quarta, La religione cattolica 24. Turin: Unione Tipografico-Editrice Torinese, 1971 (vol. 2, pp. 963–1059).

3.1.6 Spanish

Piñero, Antonio, and Gonzalo del Cerro. Hechos apócrifos de los Apóstoles. 3 vols. Madrid: Biblioteca de Autores Cristianos, 2004–2011 (edition with facing Spanish translation, vol. 1, pp. 485–673).

3.3 General Works

3.3.1 Apocryphal Acts

Achtemeier, Paul. “Jesus and the Disciples as Miracle Workers in the Apocryphal New Testament.” Pages 149–86 in Aspects of Religious Propaganda in Judaism and Early Christianity. Edited by Elisabeth Shüssler Fiorenza. South Bend: Notre Dame, 1976.

Alfaric, Prosper. “Les Écritures Manichéennes: Chapitre Deuxième: Les Écritures Chrétiennes.” RHR 78 (1918): 63–97.

Allberry, C. R. C. A Manichean Psalm-Book. Pt. 2. Stuttgart: Kohlhammer, 1938.

Altaner, B. “Augustinus Und Die Neutestamentlichen Apokryphen, Sibyllinen Und Sextussprüche.” AnBoll 67 (1949): 236–48.

Bardsley, H. J. “The Derivation of the Acta from Early Acts of Peter.” JTS 16.64 (1915): 495–509.

Berglund, Carl Johan. “Liturgies as Plot Devices in Apocryphal Acts.” Pages 202–224 in Why We Sing: Music, Word, and Liturgy in Early Christianity. Essays in Honour of Anders Ekenberg’s 75th Birthday. Edited by Carl Johan Berglund, Barbara Crostini, and James Kelhoffer. VCSupp. Leiden: Brill, 2022.

Biggs, Frederick M. Sources of Anglo-Saxon Literary Culture. Kalamazoo, MI: Medieval Institute Publications, 2007.

Blumenthal, M. Formen Und Motive in Den Apokryphen Apostelakten. Vol. 1. TUGAL 48. Leipzig: J.C. Hinrichs, 1933.

Bianchi, Ugo, ed. La Tradizione dell’Enkrateia: motiviazioni ontologiche e protologiche. Rome: Ateneo, 1985.

Bolgiana, F. “La tradizione eresiologica sull’encratismo, II: la confutazione di Clemente di Alessandria.” Atti della Accademia delle scienze di Torino. II. classe di scienze morali. storiche e filologiiche 96 (1961/1962): 537–664.

———. “La tradizione eresiologica sull’encratismo, I: le notizie di Ireneo.” Atti della Accademia delle scienze di Torino. II. classe di scienze morali. storiche e filologiiche 91 (1950/1957): 343–419.

Bolyki, János. “Events after the Martyrdom: Missionary Transformation of an Apocalyptical Metaphor in Martyrium Pauli.” Pages 92–106 in The Apocryphal Acts of Paul and Thecla. Edited by Jan N. Bremmer. Studies on the Apocryphal Acts of the Apostles 2. Kampen: Kok Pharos, 1996.

Bovon, François. “Réception apocryphe de L’Évangile de Luc et lecture orthodoxe des Actes Apocryphes des Apôtres.” Apocrypha 8 (1997): 137–46.

———. “The Synoptic Gospels and the Noncanonical Acts of the Apostles.” HTR 81.1 (1988): 19–36.

———. “La Vie Des Apôtres: Traditions Bibliques et Narrations Apocryphes.” Pages 141–58 in Les Actes Apocryphes Des Apôtres Des Apôtres. Edited by François Bovon. Genève: Editions Labor et Fides, 1981.

———. Les Actes Apocryphes des Apôtres: christianisme et monde païen. Publications de la Faculté de théologie de l’Université de Genève no 4. Genève: Editions Labor et Fides, 1981.

Bremmer, Jan N. “The Five Major Apocryphal Acts: Authors, Place, Time and Readership.” Pages 149–70 in The Apocryphal Acts of Thomas. Edited by Jan N. Bremmer. Studies on Early Christian Apocrypha 6. Leuven: Peeters, 2001.

Burkitt, Francis Crawford. Early Eastern Christianity. London: J. Murray, 1904.

———. “The Christian Church in the East.” Edited by J.B. Bury. The Cambridge Ancient History. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1939.

Burrus, Virginia. Chastity as Autonomy: Women in the Stories of the Apocryphal Acts. Vol. 23. Lewiston and Queenston: Edwin Mellen Press, 1987.

Cartlidge, David R. “Transfigurations of Metamorphosis Traditions in the Acts of John, Thomas, and Peter.” Semeia 38 (1986): 53–66.

Cartlidge, David R., and J. K. Elliott. Art and Christian Apocrypha. London: Routledge, 2001.

Centore, Giuseppe. “Lo Gnosticismo E Il Canto Dell Perla.” Studi Storici E Religiosi 5.2 (1996): 153–76.

Chadwick, Henry. “Enkrateia.” RAC 5 (1960): 343–65.

Colpe, C. Die Religionsceschichtliche Schule: Darstellung Und Kritik Ihres Bildes Vom Gnostischen Erlösermythos. Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 1961.

Czachesz, István. Commission Narratives: A Comparative Study of the Canonical and Apocryphal Acts. Leuven: Peeters, 2007.

Davies, Stevan L. “The Apocryphal Acts of the Apostles: An Introduction.” CBQ 71.3 (2009): 649–50.

———. The Revolt of the Widows: The Social World of the Apocryphal Acts. Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press, 1980.

———. “The Social World of the Apocryphal Acts.” Ph.D. diss., Temple University, 1978.

Desreumaux, Alain. “Les apocryphes et les milieux monastiques syriaques.” Pages 129–34 in Le monachisme syriaque: aux premiers siècles de l’Eglise, IIe-début VIIe siècle. Antélias, Liban: Editions du CERP, 1998.

Duchesne, L. “Les aciens recueils des légendes apostoliques.” Pages 67–79 in Compte Rendu Du Troisième Congrès Scientifique International Des Catholiques Tenu À Bruxelles Du 3 Au 8 Septembre 1894 … Vol. 5. Bruxelles: Société belge de librairie, 1895.

Elliott, Alison Goddard. Roads to Paradise: Reading the Lives of the Early Saints. Hanover, NH: University Press of New England, 1987.

Elliott, James Keith. “The Apocryphal Acts.” ExpT 105 (1993): 71–77.

———. “The Influence of the Apocrypha on Manuscripts of the New Testament.” Apocrypha 8 (1997): 265–72.

———. “The Apocryphal Acts of the Apostles in Intertextual Perspectives.” ExpT 111.7 (2000): 236–37.

Findlay, Adam Fyfe. Byways in Early Christian Literature; Studies in the Uncanonical Gospels and Acts … Kerr Lectures 1920–1921. Edinburgh: T. & T. Clark, 1923.

Gallagher, Eugene V. “Conversion and Salvation in the Apocryphal Acts of the Apostles.” SecCent 8 (1991): 13–29.

Gasparro, Giulia Sfamemi. “Le motivazioni protologiche dell’Enkrateia nel cristianesimo dei primi secoli e nello Gnosticismo.” Pages 149–261 in La tradizione dell’Enkrateia.  Edited by Ugo Bianchi.  Rome: Ateneo, 1985.

Hamman, A. “Sitz Im Leben Des Actes Apocryphes Du Nouveau Testament.” Pages 62–69 in Studia Patristica VIII. TUGAL 93. Berlin, 1966.

Herceg, Pál. “The Sermons of the Book of Acts and the Apocryphal Acts.” Pages 153–70 in The Apocryphal Acts of John. Edited by Jan. N. Bremmer. SAAA 1. Kampen: Kok Pharos, 1995.

Hertling, Ludwig. “Literarisches zu den apokryphen Apostelakten.” ZKT 49.2 (1925): 219–43.

Hopkins, Keith. A World Full of Gods: The Strange Triumph of Christianity. New York: Free Press, 2000.

Hunt, Hannah. Clothed in the Body: Asceticism, the Body and the Spiritual in the Late Antique Era. Farnham, Surrey, England and Burlington, VT: Routledge, 2012.

Jakob, A. “Actes de Jean: État de la recherche (1982–1999).” Rivista di Storia e Letteratura Religiosa 36 (2000): 299–334.

Jones, F Stanley. “Principal Orientations on the Relations between the Apocryphal Acts (Acts of Paul and Acts of John; Acts of Peter and Acts of John).” SBLSP 32 (1993): 485–505.

Jordan, Hermann. Geschichte Der Altchristlichen Literatur. Leipzig: Quelle & Meyer, 1911.

Junod, Éric. “Origène, Eusèbe et la tradition sur la répartition des champs de mission des apôtres (Eusèbe, HE III 1,1-3).” Les Actes apocryphes des apôtres: christianisme et monde païen. Edited by François Bovon. Genève: Labor et Fides, 1981.

———. “Créations romanesque et traditions ecclésiastiques dans les Actes apocryphes des apôtres.” Aug 23 (1983): 271–85.

Junod, Éric, and Jean-Daniel Kaestli. L’histoire des actes apocryphes des apôtres du Ille au IX siècle. CRThph 7. Lausanne: Faculté de théologie, 1982.

Kaestli, Jean-Daniel. “Fiction littéraire et réalité sociale: Que peut-on savoir de la place des femmes dans le milieu de production des Actes apocryphes des apôtre?” Apocrypha 1 (1990): 279–302.

———. “Les scènes d’attribution des champs de mission et de départ de l’apôtre dans les Actes apocryphes.” Pages 249–64 in Les Actes apocryphes des apôtres: christianisme et monde païen. Edited by François Bovon. Genève: Labor et Fides, 1981.

———. “Les principales orientations de la recherche sur les actes apocryphes.” Pages 49–67 in Les Actes Apocryphes des Apôtres: christianisme et monde païen. Edited by François Bovon. Publications de la Faculté de théologie de l’Université de Genève no 4. Genève: Editions Labor et Fides, 1981.

Kampen, Lieuwe van. Apostelverhalen: Doel En Compositie van de Oudste Apokriefe Handelingen Der Aposteln. Sliedrecht: Merweboek, 1990.

Kerenyi, Karl. The Apocryphal Acts of the Apostles: An Introduction. Translated by Brian McNeil. Waco: Baylor University Press, 2008. English trans. of Apokryphe Apostelakten. Stuttgart: Katholisches Bibelwerk, 2005.

Klauck, Hans-Josef. “Himmlisches Haus Und Irdische Bleibe: Eschatologische Metaphorik in Antike Und Christentum.” NTS 50.1 (2004): 5–35.

———. The Apocryphal Acts of the Apostles: An Introduction. Translated by Brian McNeil. Waco: Baylor University Press, 2008. English trans. of Apokryphe Apostelakten. Stuttgart: Katholisches Bibelwerk, 2005.

Klijn, A. F. J. “The Apocryphal Acts of the Apostles.” VC 37 (1983): 193–99.

Kraemer, Ross S. “The Conversion of Women to Ascetic Forms of Christianity.” Signs 6.2 (1980): 298–307.

Kroll, Josef. Gott und hölle, der mythos vom descensuskampfe. Studien der Bibliothek Warburg … XX. Leipzig: B. G. Teubner, 1932.

Larsson, Kristian. “Intertextual Density, Quantifying Imitation.” JBL 133.2 (2014): 309–31.

Lemm, Oscar von. “Koptische Apokryphe Apostelacten.” Bulletin de l’Academie Imperiale Des Sciences de St. Petersbourg 1 [33].4 (1890): 509–81.

Levine, Amy-Jill and Maria Mayo Robbins. A Feminist Companion to the New Testament Apocrypha. Feminist Companion to the New Testament and Early Christian Writings 11. Cleveland: Pilgrim Press, 2006.

Loewenich, Walther von. “Die Petrus-, Andreas-, Paulus-, und Thomas-Akten.” Pages 109–12 in Das Johannes-Verständnis im zweiten Jahrhundert. BZNW 13. Gießen: Töpelmann, 1932.

MacDonald, Dennis Ronald. “Which Came First? Intertextual Relationships Among the Apocryphal Acts of the Apostles.” Semeia 80 (1997): 11–41.

———. “The Role of Women in the Production of the Apocryphal Acts of the Apostles.” Iliff Review 40 (1984): 21–38.

Macke, Karl. “Syrische Lieder Gnostischen Ursprungs.” Tübinger Theologische Quartalschrift 56 (1874): 1–70.

Marx, Friedrich. Filastrius, Diversarum Hereseon Liber. CSEL 38. Prague – Vienna – Leipzig: Academiae Litterarum Caesareae, 1889.

McNamara, Martin. The Apocrypha in the Irish Church. Dublin: Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, 1975.

Morard, Françoise. “Souffrance et martyre dans les actes apocryphes des apotres.” Pages 95–108 in Les Actes Apocryphes Des Apôtres Des Apôtres. Edited by François Bovon. Genève: Editions Labor et Fides, 1981.

Moss, Candida. Ancient Christian Martyrdom: Diverse Practices, Theologies, and Traditions. The Anchor Yale Bible Reference Library. Yale: Anchor Yale Bible, 2012.

Niederwimmer, Kurt. Askese und Mysterium: Über Ehe. Ehescheidung und Eheverzicht in den Anfängen des christlichen Glaubens. Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 1975.

Peeters, Paul. “Traductions et Traducteurs Dans L’hagiographie Orientale À L’époque Byzantine.” AnBoll 40 (1922): 241–98.

Perkins, Judith. “This World or Another? The Intertextuality of the Greek Romances, the Apocryphal Acts and Apuleius’ Metamorphoses.” Semeia 80 (1997): 247–60.

———. “The Apocryphal Acts and Early Christian Martyrdom.” Arethusa 18 (1985): 211–30.

Perry, Ben Edwin. The Ancient Romances: A Literary-Historical Account of Their Origins. University of California Press, 1967.

Pervo, Richard I. “Narratives about the Apostles; Non-canonical Acts and Related Literature.” Pages 65–89 in Oxford Handbook to the Christian Apocrypha. Edited by Andrew Gregory and Christopher Tuckett. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2015.

———. “The Role of the Apostles.” Pages 306–18 in Oxford Handbook to the Christian Apocrypha. Edited by Andrew Gregory and Christopher Tuckett. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2015.

———. “Rhetoric in the Christian Apocrypha.” Pages 793–805 in A Handbook of Classical Rhetoric in the Hellenistic Period 330B.C.–A.D. 400. Edited by Stanley Porter. Leiden: Brill, 1998.

———. “Egging on the Chickens: A Cowardly Response to Dennis MacDonald and Then Some.” Semeia 80 (1997): 43–56.

———. “Early Christian Fiction.” Greek Fiction. The Greek Novel in Context. Edited by J. R. Morgan and R. Stoneman. London, New York: Routledge, 1994.

———. Profit with Delight: The Literary Genre of the Acts of the Apostles. Philadelphia: Fortress Press, 1987.

Photius. The Library of Photius. Translated by John Henry Freese. Translations of Christian literature I: Greek Texts. London: SPCK and New York: Macmillan, 1920.

Piontek, Ferdinand. Die Katholische Kirche Und Die Häretischen Apostelgeschichten Bis Zum Ausgange Des 6. Jahrhunderts: Ein Beitrag Zur Literaturgeschichte. Breslau: R. Nischkowsky, 1907.

Platner, J. W. “The Apocryphal Acts of the Apostles.” Edited by Carl Schmidt. AmJT 8.3 (1904): 592–96.

Plümacher, Eckhard. “Apokryphe Apostelakten.” Col. 11–70 in Real-Encyclopädie Der Klassischen Altertumswissenschaft. Supplementbände 15, 1978.

Powell, Kathryn, and D. G. Scragg. Apocryphal Texts and Traditions in Anglo-Saxon England. Vol. 2. Publications of the Manchester Centre for Anglo-Saxon Studies. Cambridge: D.S. Brewer, 2003.

Radermacher, Ludwig. Hippolytus und Thekla: Studien zur Geschichte von Legende und Kultus. Sitzungsberichte der kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften in Wien, philosophisch­historische Klasse, 182/3; Vienna: Holder, 1916.

Reardon, Bryan P. The Form of the Greek Romance. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1991.

———. Courants littéraires grecs: des IIe et IIIe siècles après J.-C. Paris: Les Belles Lettres, 1971.

Reitzenstein, Richard. Hellenistische Wundererzählungen. Leipzig: Teubner, 1906.

———. Himmelswanderung und drachenkampf in der alchemistischen und frühchristlichen literatur. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz, 1916.

———. Historia Monachorum Und Historia Lausiaca. Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 1916.

———. Die Göttin Psyche. Heidelberg: Sitzungberichte der Heidelberger Akademie der Wissenschaften, 1917.

———. Das Iranische Erlösungsmysterium; Religionsgeschichtliche Untersuchungen. Bonn a. Rh.: A. Marcus & E. Weber, 1921.

———. “Iranischer Erlösungsglaube.” ZNW 20 (1921): 1–23.

———. “Gedanken Zur Entwicklung Des Erlöserglaubens.” Historische Zeitschrift 126 (1922): 1–57.

Rostalski, Friedrich. Sprachliches zu den apokryphen Apostelgeschichten. 2 vols. Rölle, 1909–1911.

Sandnes, Karl Olav. “Seal and Baptism in Early Christianity.” Ablution, Initiation, and Baptism: Late Antiquity, Early Judaism, and Early Christianity = Waschungen, Initiation Und Taufe: Spätantike, Frühes Judentum Und Frühes Christentum. Edited by David Hellholm. BZNW 176. Berlin: De Gruyter, 2011.

Schenke, Hans-Martin. Der Gott “Mensch” in der Gnosis: ein religionsgeschichtlicher Beitrag zur Diskussion über die paulinische Anschauung von der Kirche als Leib Christi. Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 1962.

Schermann, Theodor. Propheten- Und Apostellegenden, Nebst Jüngerkatalogen Des Dorotheus Und Verwandter Texte. Bearbeitet Von D.T. Schermann. Leipzig: Hinrichs’sche Buchhandlung, 1907.

Schmidt, Karl Ludwig. Kanonische und apokryphe Evangelien und Apostelgeschichten. Basel: Majer, 1944.

Schneemelcher, Wilhelm. Gesammelte Aufsätze zum Neuen Testament und zur Patristik. Thessaloniki: Patriarchal Institute for Patristic Studies, 1974.

Siegert, Folker. “Analyses Rhétoriques et Stylistiques Portant Sur Les Actes de Jean et Les Actes de Thomas.” Apocrypha 8 (1997): 231–50.

Skeat, Walter W., ed. Aelfric’s Lives of Saints: Being a Set of Sermons on Saints’ Days Formerly Observed by the English Church. Early English Text Society. Original series, 76, 82, 94, 114 76, 82, NaN, 114. London and New York: N. Trübner & Co., 1881.

Snyder, Julia A. “Acts of John, Acts of Peter, Acts of Thecla, 3 Corinthians, Martyrdom of Paul.” Pp. 363–385 in The Reception of Jesus in the First Three Centuries, Volume 2. Edited by Jens Schröter and Christine Jacobi. London: Bloomsbury T. & T. Clark, 2019.

———. “Relationships between the Acts of the Apostles and Other Apostle Narratives.” Pages 319–41 in Between Canonical and Apocryphal Texts: Processes of Reception, Rewriting and Interpretation in Early Judaism and Early Christianity. Edited by Jörg Frey, Claire Clivaz, and Tobias Nicklas. WUNT 419. Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck, 2015.

Söder, Rosa. Die Apokryphen Apostelgeschichten und die Romanhafte Literatur der Antike. Stuttgart: Kohlhammer, 1932.

Solevåg, Anna Rebecca. “A Feminist Companion to the New Testament Apocrypha.” Theology and Sexuality 18.1 (2012): 106–8.

Spittler, Janet E. “The Acts of John by Prochorus in Patmos ms. 188. A Test-Case Illustrating the Development of Later Apocryphal Acts.” Pages 192–214 in The Apostles Peter, Paul, John, Thomas and Philip with their Companions in Late Antiquity. Edited by Jan N. Bremmer, Tobias Nicklas, and Janet Spittler. Leuven: Peeters, 2021.

———. Animals in the Apocryphal Acts of the Apostles. WUNT 2 247. Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck, 2008 (on Acts of Paul, see 156–98).

———. “Christianity at the Edges: Representations of the Ends of the Earth in the Apocryphal Acts of the Apostles.” Pages 353–77 in The Rise and Expansion of Christianity in the First Three Centuries of the Common Era. Edited by Clare K. Rothschild and Jens Schröter. WUNT 301. Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck, 2013), 353–77.

Sturhahn, C. L. Die Christologie Der Ältesten Apokryphen Apostelakten. Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 1952.

Tissot, Yves. “Encratisme et Actes apocryphes.” Pages 109–19 in Les actes apocryphes. Les actes apocryphes des apôtres. Edited by François Bovon. Genève: Editions Labor et Fides, 1981.

Uytfanghe, M. Van. “Encratisme En Verborgen Erotiek in de Apocriefe ‘Apostelromans.’ Omtrent de Christelijke Problematisering van de Sexualiteit.” Handelingen van de Koninklijke Zuidnederlandse Maatschappij voor Taal-en Letterkunde en Geschiedenis 45 (1991): 175–94.

Weigandt, Peter. “Der Doketismus Im Urchristentum Und in Der Theologischen Entwicklung Des Zweiten Jahrhunderts.” 2 vols. PhD diss: Ruprecht-Karls-Universität-Heidelberg, 1961.

Weis-Liebersdorf, Johannes Evangelista. Christus- und apostelbilder. Einfluss der apokryphen auf die ältesten Kunsttypen. Freiburg: Herdersche Verlagshandlung, 1902.

Widengren, Geo. “Der Iranische Hintergrund Der Gnosis.” ZRGG 4.2 (1952): 97–114.

———. “Stand Und Aufgaben Der Iranischen Religionsgeschichte.” Numen 1.1 (1954): 16–83.

———. The Ascension of the Apostle and the Heavenly Book: King and Saviour III. Årsskrift. Universitet Uppsala 7. Uppsala: Lundequistska Bokhandeln, 1950.

Winkler, Gabriele. “Weitere Beobachtungen Zur Frühen Epiklese (Den Doxologien Und Dem Sanctus). Über Die Bedeutung Der Apokryphen Für Die Erforschung Der Entwicklung Der Riten.” OrChr 80 (1996): 177–200.

Zumstein, Jean. “L’apôtre comme martyr.” RTP 112 (1980): 371–90.

3.3.2 Acts of Peter

Adamik, Tamas. “The Language and Style of the Acts of Peter.” Pages 106–72 in Estudios de Lingufstica Latina: Aetas del IX coloquio Intemacional de Lingufstica Latina, Universidad Auton6ma de Madrid, 14-18 abril de 1997. Edited by Benjamin Garcia-Hernadez. Bibliotheca linguae latinae. Madrid: Ediciones Clasicas, 1998.

Amann, Émile. “Les actes de Pierre.” DBSup 1:496–501.

Baldwin, Matthew. Whose Acts of Peter? Text and Historical Context of the Actus Vercellenses. WUNT 2/196. Tiibingen: Mohr Siebeck, 2005.

Barnikol, Ernst. “Die Ertragungdes Paulus in die Grundschrift der Petrusakten.” Theologishe Jahrbücher 2 (1934): 153–57.

———. “Marcellus in den Petrus-Akten (U und V).” Theologische Jahrbücher 2 (1934): 158–64.

———. “Petrus vor dem Caesar? 1st der Praefekt in den Petrusakten ursprünglich der Caesar?” Theologische Jahrbücher 2 (1934): 115–22.

———. “Spanienreise und Römerbrief des Paulus in den Petrus-Akten.” Theologische Jahrbücher 2 (1934): 1–12.

———. “Die Urgestalt der Petrusakten: Actus Petri cum Simone.” Theologische Jahrbücher 2 (1934): 165–69.

Bauckham, Richard J. “The Martyrdom of Peter in Early Christian Literature.” ARNW 2.26.1 (1992): 539–95.

Bergmeier, Roland. “Die Gestalt des Simon Magus in Act 8 und in der simonianischen Gnosis–Aporien einer Gesamtdarstellung.” ZNW 77 (1986): 267–75.

Bolyki, János. “‘Head Downwards’: The Cross of Peter in the Light of the Apocryphal Acts, of the New Testament and of the Society-transforming Claim of Early Christianity.” Pages 111–22 in The Apocryphal Acts of Peter: Magic, Miracles and Gnosticism. Edited by Jan N. Bremmer. Studies on the Apocryphal Acts of the Apostles 3. Leuven: Peeters, 1998.

Bremmer, Jan N., ed. The Apocryphal Acts of Peter: Magic, Miracles and Gnosticism. Studies on the Apocryphal Acts of the Apostles 3. Leuven: Peeters, 1998.

———. “Aspects of the Acts of Peter: Women, Magic, Place and Date.” Pages 1–20 in The Apocryphal Acts of Peter: Magic, Miracles and Gnosticism. Edited by Jan N. Bremmer. Studies on the Apocryphal Acts of the Apostles 3. Leuven: Peeters, 1998.

———. “Simon Magus: The Invention and Reception of a Magician in a Christian Context.” Religion in the Roman Empire 5 (2019): 246–70.

———. “Eucharist and Agapê in the Later Second Century: The Case of the Older Apocryphal Acts and the Pagan Novel.” Pages 69–105 in Rituals in Early Christianity: New Perspectives on Tradition and Transformation. Edited by Albert-Kees Geljon and Nienke Vos. Leiden: Brill, 2020.

———. “Slaves of God/Christ: Narrated Total Devotion in the Apocryphal Acts of Peter.” Religion 53 (2023): 87–115.

Brock, Ann Graham. “Political Authority and Cultural Accommodation: Social Diversity in the Acts of Paul and the Acts of Peter.” Pages 145–69 in The Apocryphal Acts of the Apostles. Edited by François Bovon, Ann Graham Brock, and Christopher R. Matthews. Harvard Divinity School Studies; Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1999.

Callon, Callie. “Images of Empire, Imaging the Self: The Significance of the Imperial Statue Episode in the Acts of Peter.” HTR 106 (2013): 331–55.

———. “Revisiting the Date of the Acts of Peter: Engaging with Potential New Evidence from the History of Simon Cephas.” JECS 31.4 (2023): 403–30.

———. “Secondary Characters Furthering Characterization: The Depiction of Slaves in the Acts of Peter.” JBL 131 (2012): 797–818.

Czachesz, Istvan. “Who is Deviant? Entering the Story World of the Acts of Peter.” Pages 84–96 in The Apocryphal Acts of Peter: Magic, Miracles and Gnosticism. Edited by Jan N. Bremmer. Studies on the Apocryphal Acts of the Apostles 3. Leuven: Peeters, 1998.

De Bruyne, Domitien. “Deux citations apocryphes de l’apotre Pierre.” JTS 34 (1933): 395–97.

———. “Epistula Titi, discipuli Pauli, de dispositione sanctimonii.” RBén 37 (1925): 47–72.

———. “Nouveaux fragments des Actes de Pierre, de Paul, de Jean, d’Andre, et de l’Apocalypse d’Elie.” RBén 25 (1908): 149–60 (esp. 151–53).

Dijkstra, Roald, ed. The Early Reception and Appropriation of the Apostle Peter (60-800 CE): The Anchors of the Fisherman. Euhormos 1. Leiden: Brill, 2020.

Dinkler, Erich. “Dieersten Petrusdarstellungen: Einarchäologischer Beitrag zur Geschichte des Petrusprimates.” Marburger Jahrbuch für Kunstwissenschaft 11 (1939): 1–80.

Eastman, David L. The Many Deaths of Peter and Paul. OECS. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2019.

Ehlen, Oliver. “Quando venisti? Zur literarischen Konzeption des Martyrium Petri.” Pages 309–25 in Petrus und Paulus in Rom. Edited by Stefan Heid. Freiburg: Herder, 2011.

Erbes, C.  “Ursprung und Umfang der Petrusakten.” ZKG 32 (1911): 161–85, 353–77, 497–530.

———. “Petrus nicht in Rom, sondern in Jerusalem gestorben.” ZKG 22 (1901): 1–47, 161–224.

Ferreiro, Alberto. Simon Magus in Patristic, Medieval and Early Modern Traditions. Studies in the History of Christian Traditions 125. Leiden: Brill, 2005.

———. “Simon Magus, Dogs, and Simon Peter.” Pages 45–89 in The Devil, Heresy and Witchcraft in the Middle Ages: Essays in Honour of Jefferey B. Russell. Edited by Alberto Ferreiro. Cultures, Beliefs and Traditions: Medieval and Early Modern Peoples 6. Leiden: Brill, 1998.

Flamion, Joseph. “Les actes apocryphes de Pierre.” RHE 9 (1908): 233–54, 465–90; 10 (1909): 5–29, 215–77; 11 (1910): 5–28, 223–56, 447–70, 675–92; 12 (1911): 209–30, 437–50.

Haehling, Raban von. “Zwei Fremde in Rom: Das Wunderduell des Petrus mit Simon Magus in den acta Petri.” RQ 98 (2003): 47–71.

Hanig, Roman. “Simon Magus in den Petrusakten und die Theodotianer.” Studia Patristica 31 (1997): 112–20.

Harnack, Adolf von. Geschichte der altchristlichen Literatur bis Eusebius. 2 vols. in 4. Leipzig: J. C. Hinrichs, 1897. Reprinted 1958 (vol. 1, pp. 131–36; 549–60).

Heid, Stefan, ed. Petrus und Paulus in Rom: Eine interdisziplinäre Debatte. Freiburg: Herder, 2011.

Heid, Stefan. “Gli Atti di Pietro: ispirati dal teatro romano?” Rivista di Archeologia Cristiana 94 (2018): 221–47.

Hilgenfeld, Adolf. “Die alten Actus Petri.” ZWT 46 (1903): 321–41.

Hilhorst, Anton. “The text of the Actus Vercellenses.” Pages 148–60 in The Apocryphal Acts of Peter: Magic, Miracles and Gnosticism. Edited by Jan N. Bremmer. Studies on the Apocryphal Acts of the Apostles 3. Leuven: Peeters, 1998.

Klauck, Hans-Joseph, The Apocryphal Acts of the Apostles: An Introduction. Translated by Brian McNeil. Waco, TX: Baylor University Press, 2008 (pp. 81–112).

Kraus, Thomas J. “Vergegenwärtigende Erinnerung – was die Petrusakten (ActPetr) überhaupt über »Petrus in Rom« erkennen lassen.” Pages 125–57 in Petrusliteratur und Petrusarchäologie: Römische Begegnungen. Edited by Martin Wallraff and Joerg Frey. Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck, 2020.

———. “Dramatis Personae in the Acts of Peter: Character Identification and the Conveyance of Ethical Values.” Biblical Interpretation 29 (2021): 590–615.

Lalleman, P. J. “The Relation Between the Acts of John and the Acts of Peter.” Pages 161–77in The Apocryphal Acts of Peter: Magic, Miracles and Gnosticism. Edited by Jan N. Bremmer. Studies on the Apocryphal Acts of the Apostles 3. Leuven: Peeters, 1998.

Lapham, Fred. Peter: The Myth, the Man and the Writings: A Study of Early Petrine Texts and Traditions. JSNTSup 239. Sheffield: Sheffield Academic Press, 2003 (pp. 34–70).

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