Acts of Andrew and Matthias

Acta Andreae et Matthiae in urbe anthropophagorum

Standard abbreviation: Acts Andr. Mth.

Other titles: Acts of Andrew and Matthias in the City of the Cannibals, Preaching of Matthias, Acts of Matthew and Andrew

Clavis numbers: ECCA 517; CANT 236

VIAF: 200841739; 179492432; 841145856881322920253

Category: Apocryphal Acts

Related literature: Acts of Andrew, Acts of Christ and Peter in Rome, Acts of Andrew and Philemon, Acts of Matthew, Acts of Peter and Andrew, Acts of Andrew and Bartholomew, Acts of Andrew and Paul, Life and Martyrdom of Andrew, Story of Andrew

Compiled by Nathan J. Hardy, University of Chicago ([email protected])

Citing this resource (using Chicago Manual of Style): Hardy, Nathan J. “Acts of Andrew and Matthias.” e-Clavis: Christian Apocrypha. Accessed DAY MONTH YEAR. https://www.nasscal.com/e-clavis-christian-apocrypha/acts-of-andrew-and-matthias/.

Created August 2022. Updated March 2023.

1. SUMMARY

Once believed to be part of the original Acts of Andrew, and certainly part of the text known to Gregory of Tours, this text is now, for the most part, considered an independent tradition from the fourth or fifth century. The Greek narrative recounts the exploits of the apostle Andrew in the so-called City of the Cannibals (anthropophagoi), where undergoes persecution and torture before inciting their conversion and initiation into Christian life. Before this takes place, however, Acts Andr. Matth. opens with the commission of Andrew’s fellow apostle Matthias to this foreboding city, where he is immediately captured, blinded, and given a potion to remove his human capacities (though it fails), so that the anthropophagoi can eat him after a period of thirty days. Jesus appears to Andrew three days before Matthias’s expiration date, commanding him to go and save his fellow apostle, a prospect at which Andrew initially balks, due to the distance of the city and his weak human flesh. Nonetheless, Andrew travels to the shore the next day and finds a boat captained by Jesus in disguise that just so happens to be travelling in the direction of the cannibals; so Andrew and his disciples climb on board.

During the journey, the narrative turns for a time to a discussion between Andrew and Captain Jesus regarding the miracles of Jesus and the failure of “the faithless Jews” to believe, even after witnessing Jesus’ miracles. Key among these is a “secret” miracle Jesus performed for his disciples in front of the Chief Priests and people of the Jews to demonstrate his divinity. According to Andrew’s narration, the disciples were traveling with Jesus to a temple (called variously the “Temple of the Gentiles” and the “Temple of the Jebusites,” but the scene is set against the debate between Jesus and the Pharisees in John at the Temple of Jerusalem), when suddenly the Chief Priests appear to call attention to Jesus’s human relatives. Jesus and the disciples depart for a moment, returning to the temple to animate a stone sphinx so that it will testify to his divine identity. The sphinx lectures the assembled Jews—to no avail—before departing to bring back Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob from their tombs to testify on Jesus’ behalf as well. Nevertheless, the Jews are not persuaded, and the drama returns to the conversation between Andrew and Jesus on the boat.

After this extended discussion ends, Andrew falls asleep and Jesus has his angels deliver the apostle and his disciples to the gates of the City of the Cannibals, where Andrew realizes what has happened and receives from Jesus a preview of what tortures will befall him in the city. He then enters, finds the prison where Matthias and other captives are held, heals and frees them, and finally proceeds to the rest of the city for a series of showdowns with the anthropophagoi. They, it turns out, have been spurred to action by the devil, who acts among them in the guise of an old man, encouraging them to eat members of their own society since the prisoners have been freed. After winning a few rounds of contest against the city’s inhabitants, Andrew is captured and tortured for three days, being dragged around the city by its inhabitants and mocked by the devil with seven unnamed “wicked demons” at night, until Jesus appears and heals him. Refreshed, the apostle prays for brackish water to shoot forth from the mouth of an alabaster statue, and the water consumes the flesh-eating citizens until they decide to confess belief in Andrew’s God.

The water recedes, and Andrew raises those killed by the water, condemns the city’s leaders (along with one old man who sought to have his children slaughtered in his place) to be swallowed up temporarily by the earth. He baptizes the rest, giving them a church, the commandments, and the mysteries of Jesus Christ. As he prepares to leave, Jesus appears and instructs Andrew to stay and teach the newly converted, erstwhile cannibals.

Named Historical Figures and Characters: Abraham (patriarch), Amael, Andrew (apostle), David (king), devil, Isaac (patriarch), Jacob (patriarch), James (the Righteous), Jesus Christ, Joseph (of Nazareth), Mary (Virgin), Matthaias (apostle), Michael (angel), Simon (brother of Jesus).

Geographical Locations: Achaea, Jerusalem, Mambre, Myrmidonia, temple (Jerusalem).

2. RESOURCES

2.1 Web Sites and Other Online Resources

“Andreas (poem).” Wikipedia.

Hostetter, Aaron K., trans. “Andreas.” Old English Poetry Project.

Kennedy, Charles W., trans. “Andreas.”

“The Acts of Andrew and Matthias.” New Advent (English translation from Walker).

2.2 Iconography

Andrew Triptych, Trier Cathedral Treasury: twelfth-century triptych with a scene of Andrew restoring sight to Matthias.

Kokar Kilise and Ayvali Kilise (Cappadocia): two cave churches with frescoes depicting the apostles holding books or plaques describing their missionary areas. Andrew’s sign reads “Cenocephalia,” a reference to the dog-headed cannibals of legend.

3. BIBLIOGRAPHY

3.1 Manuscripts and Editions

3.1.1 Arabic (BHO 736; translated from Copt1)

3.1.1.1 Arabic Script

Beirut, Bibliothèque Orientale de l’Université Saint Joseph, 625, pp. 50–89 (17th cent.)

Beirut, Bibliothèque Orientale de l’Université Saint Joseph, 1426 (1855)  ~ contents unconfirmed

Cairo, Coptic Catholic Patriarchate Library, Graf 472 (18th  cent.)

Cairo, Coptic Catholic Patriarchate Library, Hist. 1 (13th/14th  cent.)

Cairo, Coptic Catholic Patriarchate Library, Hist. 2 (14th  cent.)

Cairo, Coptic Catholic Patriarchate Library, Hist. 3 (1626)

Cairo, Coptic Catholic Patriarchate Library, Hist. 6 (not dated) ~ contents unconfirmed

Cairo, Coptic Catholic Patriarchate Library, Hist. 7 (14th  cent.)

Cairo, Coptic Catholic Patriarchate Library, Hist. 16 (15th cent.)

Cairo, Coptic Museum, 60, fols. 224r–237r (19th cent.)

Edgbaston, University of Birmingham, Mingana Christ. Arab. 84, fols. 60v67v (ca. 1780)

Edgbaston, University of Birmingham, Mingana Christ Arab. 87b, fols. 87r97v (ca. 1600 and 1700)

Florence, Biblioteca Nazionale Centrale di Firenze, Magl. III 29, fols. 182v–197r (ante 1664)

Leipzig, Universitätsbibliothek, Or. 1067 (Tischendorf 32) (15th cent.)

Mount Sinai, Monē tēs Hagias Aikaterinēs, ar. 397, fols. 264r270r (1333)

Mount Sinai, Monē tēs Hagias Aikaterinēs, ar. 409, fols. 264r270r (1334) ~ LOC

Mount Sinai, Monē tēs Hagias Aikaterinēs, ar. 445, 3 (1155/1175) ~ LOC

Mount Sinai, Monē tēs Hagias Aikaterinēs, ar. 539, fols. 167r–181r (12th cent.)

Oxford, Bodleian Library, Bodl. Ar. 541 (Nicoll 49), fols. 71r76v (18th cent.)

Paris, Bibliothèque nationale de France, Arabe 81, fols. 144r–157r (16th cent.)

Paris, Bibliothèque nationale de France, Arabe 4770, fols. 247v272r (shorter version), fols. 306r–322v (19th cent.)

Vatican, Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana, Borg. ar. 223 (1729)

Vatican, Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana, Sbath 86, fols. 28v50v (16th cent.) ~ catalog

Vatican, Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana, Sbath 500, fols. 160v–173r (15th cent.)

Vatican, Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana, Vat. ar. 171, fols. 57v65v (17th cent.)

Vatican, Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana, Vat. ar. 694, fols. 132r–144r (14th cent.)

Wadi El-Natrun, Monastery of the Syrians (Dayr al-Suryān), no shelf number, fols. 129r139r (14th cent.)

3.1.1.2 Garšūnī Script

Aleppo, Syriac-Orthodox Archdiocese, 52 K, fols. 90v101v (17th cent.)

Berlin, Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin, Syr. 246 (Sachau 154), fols. 7r, 9r–13v, 2r (1576) ~ CATALOG

Diyarbakir, Library of the Chaldean Archdiocese, 143, 2 (17th cent.)

Edgbaston, University of Birmingham, Mingana Syr. 40, fols. 180r194r (ca. 1750)

Homs, Syriac Orthodox Archdiocese, 2, fols. 57r–68r (1824/1825)

Mardin, Chaldean Cathedral, 7, fols. 12v24v (18th cent.) ~  HMML

Mardin, Chaldean Cathedral, 500, fols. 64r–64v (18th cent.) ~ HMML

Mosul, Mar Behnam Monastery, 388 (Sony 405; olim 318) (1661) ~ HMML

Paris, Bibliothèque nationale de France, syr. 332, fols. 196r–205v (17th cent.)

Vatican, Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana, Sbath 124, fols. 160v–172v (16th cent.)

Bausi, Alessandro. “Alcune osservazioni sul Gadla ḥawāryāt.” Annali dell’Istituto Orientale di Napoli 60–61 (2001–2002): 77–114 (list of 31 Arabic manuscripts of the Arabic acts collection, pp. 97–101).

online-bulletGraf, Georg. Geschichte der christlichen arabischen Literatur. 5 vols. Rome: Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana, 1944 (discussion and manuscript listing pp. 260–64).

Lewis, Agnes Smith, ed. Acta Mythologica Apostolorum, Transcribed from an Arabic Ms. in the Convent of Deyr-es-Suriani, Egypt, and from Mss. in the Convent of St Catherine, on Mount Sinai. Horae Semiticae 3. London: C.J. Clay and Sons, 1904. (Arabic text based on unidentified Deir al-Surian MS, pp. 109–18).

3.1.2 Armenian (BHO 740, 741)

3.1.3 Church Slavic

Belgrade, National Library of Serbia, P. S. Srečković, 637, fols. 32–64 (14th cent.)

Kalinin (Tver’), Gos. Archiv Kalininskoj Oblasti, 29 (3100), fols. 413r–426v (16th cent.)

Otero, Aurelio de Santos. Die handschriftliche Überlieferung der altslavischen Apokryphen. 2 vols. PTS 20 and 23. Berlin: De Gruyter, 1978–1981 (manuscripts listed, vol. 1 pp. 69–83 ~ see nos. 1–4, 13–14, 19–20, 24–26, 36–37, 41–43, 47, 50, 52, 55, 57–60, 62, 66–67; 5 additional manuscripts yet to be re-examined, vol. 2, pp. 243–44).

Speranskîj, Michail N. Apokrifičeskie dejanija apostola . . . Moscow 1894 (text edited from Kalinin 29 with readings from Belgrade 637, pp. 64–75.

Thomson, Francis J. Review of Aurelio de Santos Otero, Die handscriftliche Überlieferung der altslavischen Apokryphen, vol. 1. Slavonic and East European Review 58 [1980]: 256–68 at 258–59 (with corrections to de Santos Otero).

3.1.4 Coptic (BHO 735; CPC 0579; PAThs entry; see individual links for editions)

3.1.4.1 Fayyūmic

Saint Petersburg, National Library of Russia, Φ. 920 №№ 46–48 (olim. Cod. Copt. Tischendorfianus VI), fols. 6v–9v (10th cent.) (=CLM 2880)

Lemm, Oscar von. “Koptische apokryphe Apostelacten.” Bulletin de l’Académie impériale des sciences de St.-Pétersbourg, ser. 1 (33).4 (1890): 509–81 (edition and translation of CLM 2880, pp. 558–81).

3.1.4.2 Sahidic

Copt1

CLM 1245, pp. ? – ? (10th–12th cent.) ~ contains 2:1–5:1

MONB.DM, pp. [205]–206 (10th–12th cent.)

MONB.QY, pp. 103–106 (10th cent.)

Copt2

MONB.DN (10th–12th cent.), pp. 15–16, one additional page unnumbered

Miroshnikov, Ivan. “The Coptic Versions of the Acts of Andrew and Matthias (CANT 236), with an Edition of IFAO Copte Inv. 132.” Mus 132 (2019): 291–328 (includes edition and English translation of CLM 1245, pp. 317–19 and images, pp. 327–28).

3.1.4.5 Copto-Arabic Synaxarion

The Copto-Arabic Synaxarion includes a summary of Copt1 for March 4.

Basset, René. “Le Synaxaire arabe jacobite (rédaction copte) IV: Les mois de Barmahat, Barmoudah et Bachons.” Patrologia orientalis 16 (1922): 186–424 (edition and translation, pp. 212–13).

Forget, Jacques. Synaxarium alexandrinum: Versio. CSCO 78, 90. Leuven: Secrétariat du Corpus SCO, 1921–1926 (translation, vol. 2, pp. 15–16).

Forget, Jacques. Synaxarium alexandrinum: Textus I–II. CSCO 47–49, 67. Leuven: Secrétariat du Corpus SCO, 1963 (edition vol. 2, pp. 15–16).

3.1.5 Ethiopic (BHO 734, 737)

3.1.5.1 Acts of Andrew and Matthias

Aeth1 (short version related to the Arabic text)

London, British Library, Or. 678, fols. 100r–108v (15th cent.)

London, British Library, Or. 683, fol. 210v–218v (17th cent.)

London, British Library, Or. 685, fols. 34r–45v (18th cent.) ~ short version

Manchester, John Rylands University Library, Eth. 6, fols. fols. 93v, 114r– 124r; repeated fols. 144v–164r (19th cent.)

Aeth2 (long version similar to Greek text)

London, British Library, Or. 678, fols. 138r–151v (15th cent.)

London, British Library, Or. 683, fol. 118v–131v (17th cent.)

London, British Library, Or. 685, fols. 110r–118r (18th cent.) ~ long version

Bausi, Alessandro. “Alcune osservazioni sul Gadla ḥawāryāt.” Annali dell’Istituto Orientale di Napoli 60–61 (2001–2002): 77–114 (list of 31 Ethiopic manuscripts of the collection, pp. 93–97).

Budge, Ernest A. W. Gadla Ḥawâryât: The Contendings of the Apostles, Being the Lives and Martyrdoms and Deaths of the Twelve Apostles and Evangelists. Vol. 1. London: Henry Frowde, 1899 (Ethiopic text based on British Library, Or. 678 and 683, short version, pp. 225–42; long version, pp. 307–35).

Pisani, Vitagrazia. “The apocryphal Acts of the Apostles: unknown witnesses from East Tәgray.” Pages 75–93 in Essays in Ethiopian Manuscript Studies. Proceedings of the International Conference Manuscripts and Texts, Languages and Contexts: the Transmission of Knowledge in the Horn of Africa. Hamburg, 17–19 July 2014. Edited by Alessandro Bausi, Alessandro Gori, and Denis Nosnitsin. Supplements to Aethiopica 4. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz, 2015 (descriptions of ten Ethiopic manuscripts cataloged for the Ethio-SPaRe project).

3.1.3.2 Ethiopic Synaxarion

The Ethiopian Synaxarion (first recension) includes a summary of the text for March 7.

Colin, G. Le Synaxaire éthiopien: Mois de Maggābit. PO 46.3, no. 207. Turnhout: Brepols, 1994 (pp. 328–31).

Budge, E. A. Wallis. The Book of the Saints of the Ethiopian Church. 2 vols. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1928 (English translation of the Ethiopian Synaxarion, vol. 2, pp. 679–81; and chs. 6–16 only at vol. 2, 1266–70 [Sept. 2]).

3.1.6 Georgian

Tblisi, Simon Janashia Museum of Georgia, H.341 (11th cent.)

Tblisi, Simon Janashia Museum of Georgia, A.674 (15th cent.)

K‘urc‘ikiże, C‘iala. Kartuli versiebi aṗoḳripebis mocikulta šesaxeb [Georgian Versions of the Apocryphal Acts of the Apostles]. Tbilisi: Sakartvelos SSR mecnierebata akademiis gamomcemloba, 1959 (edition based on Tblisi H.341, pp. 21–42).

3.1.7 Greek (BHG 109–110d)

A  Paris, Bibliothèque nationale de France, gr. 824 (9th cent.)

Paris, Bibliothèque nationale de France, gr. 881 (10th cent.)

R  Vatican, Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana, Palat. Vat. 4 (11th cent.)

D Oxford, Bodleian Library, 43 (12th cent.)

P  Paris, Bibliothèque nationale de France, gr. 1539 (11th cent.)

C  Paris, Bibliothèque nationale de France, gr. 1556 (15th cent.)

O   Vatican, Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana, Ott. gr. 1, fols. 67v–77v (11th cent.)

M Messina, Biblioteca Universitaria, San Salvatoris 4, fols. 83v–98v (12th/13th cent.)

N Messina, Biblioteca Universitaria, San Salvatoris 29 (1307)

E  Escorial, Real Biblioteca, Y.II.4 (16th cent.)

Additional Manuscripts (incomplete list; for more, see Pinakes):

Vienna, Österreichische Nationalbibliothek, G 26227 Pap (6th/7th cent.)

Athens, Ethnikê Bibliothêkê tês Hellados, gr. 1021, fols. 215v–235v(1518)

Jerusalem, Patriarchikē bibliothēkē, Panagios Taphos gr. 66,  fols. 121r–142r (15th/16th cent.)

Milan, Biblioteca Ambrosiana, C 92 sup. (Martini-Bassi 192), fols. 48r–57r (14th cent.)

Moscow, Rossijskaja Gosudarstvennaja Biblioteka, gr. 129 (Sevastianov 68), fols. 128r–163r (15th cent.)

Vatican, Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana, gr. 1190, fols. 419r–427r (1542)

Vatican,  Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana, Vat. gr. 866, fols. 140v–143v (11th/12th cent.)

Bauer, J. B. “Ein Papyrusfragment der Acta Andreae et Matthiae: Pap. Grace. Vindob. 26227.” Jahrbuch der Österreichischen Byzantinishen Gessellschaft 16 (1967): 35–38.

Bonnet, Maximilien, ed. Acta apostolorum apocrypha. 2 vols. in 3 parts. Series edited by Richard A. Lipsius and Maximilien Bonnet. Leipzig: Mendelssohn, 1889–1903; reprinted Hildesheim: Georg Olms, 1959 (edition based on ABRDPCOMNE, vol. 2.1, pp. 65–116).

MacDonald, Denis R. The Acts of Andrew and the Acts of Andrew and Matthias in the City of the Cannibals. SBL Texts and Translations 33. Atlanta: Socity of Biblical Literature, 1990 (pp. 63–169).

Piñero, Antonio, and Gonzalo del Cerro. Hechos apócrifos de los Apóstoles. 3 vols. Madrid: Biblioteca de Autores Cristianos, 2011 (Latin edition based primarily Bonnet with facing Spanish translation, vol. 3, pp. 255–319).

Vinogradov, Andrey. “Die zweite Rezension der Actorum Andreae et matthiae apud Anthropophagos [BHG 110B].” Christianskij Vostok 3 (2001): 11–105 (edition of Moscow gr. 129).

3.1.8 Latin (BHL 429b–429d)

Munich, Bayerische Staatsbibliothek, Clm. 4554, fols. 12r–14r (8th/9th cent.)

Munich, Bayerische Staatsbibliothek, Clm 22020, fols. 17v–24r (12th cent.)

Rome, Biblioteca Casanatense, 1104 (underwriting 6th/7th cent.)

Blatt, Franz. Die lateinischen Bearbeitungen der Acta Andreae et Matthiae apud Anthrophagos. BZNW 12. Giessen: Topelmann, 1930 (edition of Casanatense 1104, pp. 32–95).

3.1.9 Old English

Cambridge, Corpus Christi College, 198, fols. 386r–394v (9th–11th cent.)

Princeton, University Library, W.H. Scheide Collection 71 (the Blicking Book), fols. 136r–139v (10th cent.)

Vercelli, Biblioteca Capitolare di Vercelli, MS CXVII (the Vercelli Book), fols. 29v–52v (10th cent.) ~ poetic version called Andreas

Clayton, Mary, ed. and trans. Old English Poems of Christ and His Saints. Dunbarton Oaks Medieval Library 27. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2013 (edition of Andreas with facing English translation, pp. 183–299).

Goodwin, Charles Wycliffe. The Anglo-Saxon Legends of St. Andrew and St. Veronica. Cambridge: Macmillan, 1851 (text from Corpus Christi College 198 with facing English translation, pp. 3–25).

Grimm, Jacob, ed. Andreas und Elene. Cassel: T. Fischer, 1840.

Krapp, George Philip. Andreas and the Fates of the Apostles. Boston: Ginn, 1906 (text of Andreas, pp. 1–68; notes, pp. 75–159).

Morris, Richard, ed. The Blickling Homilies. EETS os 58, 63, 73. London: Oxford University Press, 1874–1880; repr. in 1 vol. 1967 (edition and facing English translation, pp. 228–49).

3.1.10 Syriac (BHO 733)

‘Aynkāwah, Congregation of the Chaldean Daughters of Mary Immaculate, 13, fols. 45v–61v (1875)

Baghdad, Library of the Chaldean Monastery, 630 (olim Alqoš, Notre-Dame des Semences, Vosté 217), item 3 (1891)

Baghdad, Library of the Chaldean Monastery, shelf no. not provided (olim Alqoš, Notre-Dame des Semences, Scher 96/Vosté 215), item 2 (1885)

Berlin, Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin, Syr. 74, fols. 82v–92v (1695)

Berlin, Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin, Syr. 75 (Sachau 222), fols. 104r–112v (1881)

Berlin, Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin, Preußischer Kulturbesitz, Ms. or. quart. 1051, fols. 30v–37v (1705) ~ IMAGES

Edgbaston, University of Birmingham, Mingana Syr. 85, fols. 102r–113v (1894)

Edgbaston, University of Birmingham, Mingana Syr. 593, fols. 82v–89v (1932)

Karamlis, Mar Addai Church, 83, fols. 22v–24v (1932) ~ HMML

Karkūk, Chaldean Archdiocese of Karkūk, 213, fols. 74v–84r (1723)

London, British Library, Add. 14645, fols. 49v–57r (936)

London, British Library, Or. 4404, fol. 79v–87v (19th cent.)

Mount Sinai, Monē tēs Hagias Aikaterinēs, syr. 82, fols. 27v42r (12th cent.)

New Haven, Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library, Syr. 5, pp. 4–36 (1888) ~ IMAGES; CATALOG

Paris, Bibliothèque nationale de France, Syr. 234, fols. 317v–326r (13th cent.)

Paris, Bibliothèque nationale de France, Syr. 309, fols. 82v–91r (1869)

Tehran, Chaldean Church of St. Joseph, 8 (Fonds Issayi 18), fols. 109v–122v (1741/1742)

Trichur, Chaldean Syrian Church, Syr. 9, fols. 180r–188v (1615) ~ appended by short note on Andrew (188v) and a short note on James, Son of Zebedee (188v189r)

Lost or inaccessible manuscripts:

Alqoš, Notre-Dame des Semences, Vosté 211, item 8 (undated)

Alqoš, Notre-Dame des Semences, Vosté 213, item 6 (1868)

Alqoš, Notre-Dame des Semences, Vosté 216, item 6 (1888)

Urmia, Oroomia Mission Library, 41 (18th cent.)

Urmia, Oroomia Mission Library, 103, item 2 (1715) ~ now lost

Urmia, Oroomia Mission Library, 179 (19th cent.)

Schulthess, Friedrich. Christlich-palaestinische Fragmente aus der Omajjaden-Moschee zu Damaskus. Abhandlungen der Königlichen Gesellschaft der Wissenschaften zu Göttingen. Philologisch-Historische Klasse 8.3. Berlin: Wiedmanasche Buchhandlung, 1905 (fragments, pp. 86–92).

Wright, William, ed. Apocryphal Acts of the Apostles, Edited from Syriac Manuscripts in the British Museum and Other Libraries. 2 vols. London, Edinburgh: Williams & Norgate, 1871 (Syriac text based on BL Add. 14645, vol. 1, pp. 102–26; English translation, vol. 2, pp. 93–115).

3.2 Modern Translations

3.2.1 English

Boenig, Robert. The Acts ofAndrew in the Country of the Cannibals: Translations from the Greek, Latin, and old English. Garland Library of Medieval Literature B/70. New York: Garland, 1991.

Budge, E. Wallis. Gadla Ḥawâryât: The Contendings of the Apostles, Being the Lives and Martyrdoms and Deaths of the Twelve Apostles and Evangelists. Vol. 2 (English translations). London: Henry Frowde, 1901 (English translation of the Ethiopic text, short version, pp. 267–88; long version, pp. 370–403).

Clayton, Mary, ed. and trans. Old English Poems of Christ and His Saints. Dunbarton Oaks Medieval Library 27. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2013 (edition of Andreas with facing English translation, pp. 183–299).

Elliott, J. K. The Apocryphal New Testament: A Collection of Apocryphal Christian Literature in English Translation. Oxford: Clarendon, 1993 (pp. 283–99).

Goodwin, Charles Wycliffe. The Anglo-Saxon Legends of St. Andrew and St. Veronica. Cambridge: Macmillan, 1851 (Old English text with facing English translation, pp. 21–25).

James, Montague Rhodes. The Apocryphal New Testament: Being the Apocryphal Gospels, Acts, Epistles, and Apocalypses. Oxford: Clarendon, 1924; corrected edition, 1953 (pp. 453–58).

Kennedy, Charles W., trans. The Poems of Cynewulf Translated into English Prose. London: Routledge, 1910 (translation of the Old English text).

Lewis, Agnes Smith. The Mythological Acts of the Apostles, Translated from an Arabic Ms. in the Convent of Deyr-es-Suriani, Egypt, and from Mss. in the Convent of St Catherine on Mount Sinai and in the Vatican Library. Horae Semiticae 4. London: C.J. Clay and Sons, 1904 (English translation of the Arabic text, pp. 126–36).

MacDonald, Dennis. R. The Acts of Andrew. Early Christian Apocrypha 1. Santa Rosa, CA.: Polebridge Press, 2005 (pp. 19–42).

MacDonald, Dennis. R. The Acts of Andrew and the Acts of Andrew and Matthias in the City of the Cannibals. SBLTT 33. Atlanta: Scholars Press, 1990.

Malan, Solomon C. The Conflicts of the Holy Apostles, An Apocryphal Book of the Early Eastern Church. London: D. Nutt, 1871 (English translation of the Ethiopic text based on Rylands Eth. 6, pp. 147–63).

Peterson, Peter M. Andrew, Brother of Simon Peter, his History and his Legends. NovT Sup 1. Leiden: Brill, 1958; repr. 1963 (partial translation, presumably of Bonnet’s edition, pp. 58–66).

Root, Robert Kilburn. Andreas. The Legend of St. Andrew. Yale Studies in English 7. New York: Henry Holt, 1899 (English translation of Old English poetic version).

Walker, Alexander. Apocryphal Gospels, Acts and Revelations. Edinburgh: T. & T. Clark, 1873. Repr. as vol. 16 of The Ante-Nicene Christian Library. Edited by Alexander Roberts and James Donaldson. 24 vols. Edinburgh: T. & T. Clark, 1867–1883 (pp. 348–68).

Wright, William, ed. Apocryphal Acts of the Apostles, Edited from Syriac Manuscripts in the British Museum and Other Libraries. 2 vols. London, Edinburgh: Williams & Norgate, 1871 (Syriac text, vol. 1, pp. 102–26; English translation, vol. 2, pp. 93–115).

3.2.2 French

Lucchesi, Enzo, and Jean-Marc Prieur. “Fragments coptes des Acts dAndré et Matthias et dAndré et Barthélemy.” AnBoll 96 (1978): 339–50 (edition and French translation of the Sahidic fragment of Vienna K 9576, pp. 343–47).

Prieur, Jean-Marc. “Actes de André et Matthias.” Pages 485–519 in Écrits apocryphes chrétiens. Vol. 2. Edited by Pierre Geoltrain and Jean-Daniel Kaestli. Bibliothèque de la Pléiade 443. Paris: Gallimard, 2005.

3.2.3 German

Lemm, Oscar von. “Koptische apokryphe Apostelacten.” Bulletin de l’Académie impériale des sciences de St.-Pétersbourg, ser. 1 (33).4 (1890): 509–81 (edition and translation of CLM 2880, pp. 558–81).

3.2.4 Italian

Erbetta, Mario. Gli apocrifi del Nuovo Testamento. 3 vols. Italy: Marietti, 1975–1981 (vol. 2, pp. 493–505).

3.2.5 Spanish

Piñero, Antonio, and Gonzalo del Cerro. Hechos apócrifos de los Apóstoles. 3 vols. Madrid: Biblioteca de Autores Cristianos, 2011 (Latin edition based primarily on Bonnet with facing Spanish translation, vol. 3, pp. 255–319).

3.3 General Works

Baumler, Ellen B. “Andrew in the City of the Cannibals: A Comparative Study of the Latin, Greek, and old English Texts.” PhD diss., University of Kansas, 1985.

Bolintrineanu, Alexandra. “The Land of Mermedonia in the Old Engish Andreas.” Neophilologus 93 (2009): 149–64.

Brooks, Kenneth R. Andreas and the Fates of the Apostles. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1961.

Casteen, John. “Andreas: Mermedonian Cannibalism and Figural Narration.” Neuphilologische Mitteilungen 75:1 (1974): 74–78.

DeGregorio, Scott. “‘Þegenlic’ or ‘Floesclic’:Old English Prose Legends of St. Andrew.” Journal of English and Germanic Philology 102.4 (2003): 449–64.

Dvornik, Francis. The Idea of Apostolicity in Byzantium and the Legend of the Apostle Andrew. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1958 (pp. 189–207).

Flamion, Joseph. Les Actes apocryphes de l’apôtre André: Les Actes d’André et de Matthias, de Pierre et d’André et les textes apparentés. Leuven: Bureau du recueil, 1911 (pp. 269–324).

Gil, Juan. “Sobre el texto de los Acta Andreae et Matthiae apud anthropophagos.” Habis 6 (1975): 177–94.

Godlove, Shannon N. “Bodies as Borders: Cannibalism and Conversion in Old English Andreas.” Studies in Philology 106:2 (Spring 2009): 137–60.

Hamilton, David. “The Diet and Digestion of Allegory in “Andreas.” Anglo Saxon England 1 (1972): 147–58.

Hardy, Nathan. “Idol Chatter.” Pages 206–51 in “Signs of Life: Late Ancient Christianity, Narrative, and the Paradox of Living Images.” PhD Diss., University of Chicago, 2022.

Hilhorst, Anthony, and Pieter J. Lalleman. “The Acts of Andrew and Matthias: Is It Part of the Original Acts of Andrew?” Pages 1–14 in The Apocryphal Acts of Andrew. Edited by Jan. N. Bremmer. Studies in the Apocryphal Acts of the Apostles 5. Leuven: Peeters, 2000.

Hill, Thomas D. “Figural Narrative in ‘Andreas’: The Conversion of the Meremedonians.” Neuphilologische Mitteilungen 70:2 (1969): 261–73.

__________. “Hebrews, Israelites, and Wicked Jews: An Onomastic Crux in ‘Andreas.’” Traditio 32 (1976): 358–61.

König, Jason. “Novelistic and Anti-Novelistic Narrative in the Acts of Thomas and the Acts of Andrew and Matthias.” Pages 122–49 in Fiction on the Fringe: Novelistic Writing in the Post-Classical Age, edited by Karla Grammatiki. Mnemosyne, Supplements 310. Leiden and Boston: Brill, 2009.

Lanzillota, Lautaro Roig. “Cannibals, Myrmidonians, Sinopeans or Jews? The Five Versions of the Acts of Andrew and Matthias and Their Sources.” Pages 221–43 in Wonders Never Cease: The Purpose of Narrating Miracle Stories in the New Testament and its Religious Environment. Edited by Ed. M. Labahn and B. J. Lietaert Peerbolte. Library of New Testament Studies 288. London: T. & T. Clark, 2006.

Lipsius, Richard A. Die apokryphen Apostelgeschichten und Apostellegenden. 2 vols. in 3. Braunschweig, 1883–1890 (see vol. 1:546–53).

Lofstedt, Bengt. “Zu den lateinischen Bearbeitungen der Acta Andreae et Matthiae apud Anthropophagos.” Habis 6 (1975): 167–76.

MacDonald, Dennis R. Christianizing Homer: The Odyssey, Plato, and the Acts of Andrew. New York/Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1994.

MacDonald, Dennis Ronald. “The Acts of Andrew and Matthias and The Acts of Andrew.” and “Response,” in idem, ed., The Apocryphal Acts of Apostles = Semeia 38 (1986): 9–26, 35–39.

Nicklas, Tobias. “Zaubertränke, sprechende Statuen und eine Gefangenenbefreiung: Magie und Wunder in den Akten des Andreas und Matthias.Annali di storia dell’ esegesi 24 (2007): 485–500.

Peterson, Peter M. Andrew, Brother of Simon Peter, his History and his Legends. NovT Sup 1. Leiden: Brill, 1958; repr. 1963 (pp. 32–33).

Reading, Amity. “Baptism, Conversion, and Selfhood in Old English ‘Andreas.’” Studies in Philology 112:1 (Winter 2015): 1–23.

Reinach, Salomon. “Les apotres chez les anthropophages.” Revue d’histoire et de litterature religieuse 9 (1904): 305–20.

Snyder, Julia A. “Christ of the Acts of Andrew and Matthias.” Pages 247–62 in Christ of the Sacred Stories, edited by Predrag Dragutinović, et al. WUNT 2, 453. Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck, 2017.

Spittler, Janet E. “The Development of Miracle Traditions in the Apocryphal Acts of the Apostles.” Pages 357-79 in Between Canonical and Apocryphal Texts: Processes of Reception, Rewriting and Interpretation in Early Judaism and Early Christianity, edited by Jörg Frey, et al. WUNT 419. Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck, 2019.

Szittya, Penn R. “The Living Stone and the Patriarchs: Typological Imagery in ‘Andreas,’ Lines 706–810.” Journal of English and Germanic Philology 72:2 (April 1973): 167–74.

Vinogradov, Andrey. “Le début authentique du Martyre de Matthieu? Remarques sur le codex Froehner et les Actes d’André et de Matthias.” Apocrypha 19 (2008): 202–16.

__________. The Acts of Andrew and Matthias in the City of the Cannibals [Russian]. Moscow: Dmitry Pozharski University, 2014.

__________. “André: du prédicateur encratite à l’apôtre byzantin.” Apocrypha 22 (2011): 105–114.

Walsh, Mary. “St. Andrew in Anglo-Saxon england: The Evolution of an Apocryphal Hero.” Annuale Mediavale 20 (1981): 97–122.

__________. “The Baptismal Flood in the Old English ‘Andreas’: Liturgical and Typological Depths.” Traditio 33 (1977): 137–58.

Willard, R. “Andreas and the Fates of the Apostles.” Modern Philology 62 (1964): 45–51.